In article <461D0B1A.6030407@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Chris Travers <chris@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: % DO ALSO rules involving NEW are fundamentally dangerous to the integrity % of data because NEW is not guaranteed to be internally consistent. DO % INSTEAD rules are fine (there is only one NEW), as are any DO ALSO rules % involving OLD. It seems to me that this sort of dogmatism is fundamentally dangerous. CREATE TABLE x (a varchar(20) PRIMARY KEY, b INT NOT NULL); CREATE TABLE y (a varchar(20) NOT NULL, b INT NOT NULL); CREATE RULE y_ins AS ON INSERT TO y DO UPDATE x SET b=b+new.b WHERE a=new.a; CREATE RULE y_del AS ON DELETE TO y DO UPDATE x SET b=b-old.b WHERE a=old.a; INSERT INTO x VALUES ('a', 0); INSERT INTO y VALUES ('a', 2); INSERT INTO y VALUES ('a', 2); SELECT * FROM x; a | b ---+--- a | 4 DELETE FROM y; SELECT * FROM x; a | b ---+--- a | 2 The DO ALSO rules involving OLD didn't do so well here. The section on rules v. triggers could do with a caveat or two, but it's a bit much to call them "fundamentally dangerous". -- Patrick TJ McPhee North York Canada ptjm@xxxxxxxxxxxx