Thank you for your tips. I think I will change the tables and use some minimal date instead of a null value to represent a constraint that is valid all the time. An additional advantage of this approach is that I can then make sure that the time intervals (I not only have a start date, but also an end date) don't overlap. Nevertheless, I think that there are some examples where a null value does not exactly mean "unknown". But this is beyond the scope of this discussion. Regards, Christian -- Deriva GmbH Tel.: +49 551 489500-42 Financial IT and Consulting Fax: +49 551 489500-91 Hans-Böckler-Straße 2 http://www.deriva.de D-37079 Göttingen Deriva CA Certificate: http://www.deriva.de/deriva-ca.cer