on the link: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/static/rules-update.html you will notice that from items are repeated. Is this correct? ... FROM shoelace_arrive shoelace_arrive, shoelace_ok shoelace_ok, shoelace_ok *OLD*, shoelace_ok *NEW*, shoelace shoelace, shoelace *OLD*, shoelace *NEW*, shoelace_data shoelace_data ... Regards, Richard Broersma Jr.