I'm trying to understand how large objects relate to the write-ahead log. I've read the following sections in the 8.1 user guide: Chapter 26 Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log Chapter 29 Large Objects Section 42.21 pg_lageobject I have some naive questions (1)When a large object is updated, how much of the large object is placed in the WAL buffers in shared memory by LogInsert? (a) None (b) Just the page (or pages) in pg_largeobject that changed, or (c) the entire large object? (2) Are the WAL buffer(s) that contain part (or all) of the large object written to the log file, on permanent storage? (3) Section E.1.3.12. pg_dump Changes in the 8.1 documentation describes a change to pg_dump: ? Allow pg_dump to dump large objects even in text mode (Tom) With this change, large objects are now always dumped; the former -b switch is a no-op. Does pg_dump take the large objects from the shared WAL buffers, or the log file (or both)? I have similar questions about TOAST fields. I assume that TOAST fields aren't "stored" in pg_largeobject, they are not "broken into pages" like large objects. Apart from that, (4) are TOAST fields written to the log file, on permanent storage? (5) does pg_dump dump TOAST fields (8.1 and later)? Thank you! Karen __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com