I tried the password file and could not get it to work on both Windows XP and Fedora Core 4. ~/pgpass permission is 0600 on Fedora and I tested using psql and pg_dump commands. The two commands prompted for password and target database which I expected should not be. Please, I seek for clarification under what context is the ~/pgpass or pgpass.conf file used? Thanks Tope Akinniyi Lagos Nigeria. ---------------------------(end of broadcast)--------------------------- TIP 6: explain analyze is your friend