We keep the staging environment of our application up to date with respect to production data by creating a new RDS instance for the staging environment and restoring the most recent production snapshot into it. We get very poor performance in the staging environment after this restore takes place - after some usage it seems to get better perhaps because of caching. The staging RDS instance is a smaller size than production (it has 32GB ram and 8 vCPU vs production's 128GB ram and 32 vCPU) but the performance seems to much worse than this decrease in resources would account for. I have seen some advice that vacuum analyze should be run after the snapshot restore but I thought this was supposed to happen automatically. If we did run it manually how would that help? Are there any other tools in postgres we can use to figure out why it might be so much slower? Best -- Sam Kidman Web Developer Melbourne