> On Mar 3, 2024, at 11:40, yudhi s <learnerdatabase99@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > Thanks for the clarification. In case of adding the column as volatile default (like current_timestamp function as default) or say adding NOT NULL column with some conditional population of existing values will be a full table rewrite. In such scenarios, the full table rewrite operation is going to take a long time , so what will be the fastest way to achieve that with minimal to no downtime? For other situations, you probably have to create the column as NULL-able, and then backfill it in groups of records until the whole column is populated. Remember that dropping the NULL constraint afterwards will require a full table read (although not a rewrite).