Karsten Hilbert wrote: > Which is why my question still stands: does the above > three-strikes operation safely take care of any collation > issues that may currently exist in a database ? For the indexes, yes, but theorically, all constraints involving collatable types need a recheck. For foreign key constraints with non-deterministic collations, there might be equality tests that pass with an older Unicode version and fail with a newer Unicode version. For check constraints as well, checks applied to strings with recent Unicode characters can give different results after an upgrade. Best regards, -- Daniel Vérité https://postgresql.verite.pro/ Twitter: @DanielVerite