What you need here is something like "pg_dump -t measurement*"
to indicate that you want measurement's child tables too, but
AFAIR pg_dump has no such feature.
-t accepts a pattern in pg_dump. But that requires the user to adhere to a naming scheme. There is room for a long-form argument in a similar vein to
--load-via-partition-root
to export through partition root.
David J.