Kyotaro Horiguchi wrote on 8/2/20 9:39 PM:
At Sat, 1 Aug 2020 09:58:05 -0700, Ben Chobot <bench@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote in All of the cited log lines seem suggesting relation with deleted btree page items. As a possibility I can guess, that can happen if the pages were flushed out during a vacuum after the last checkpoint and full-page-writes didn't restored the page to the state before the index-item deletion happened(that is, if full_page_writes were set to off.). (If it found to be the cause, I'm not sure why that didn't happen on 9.5.) regards.
We have always had full_page_writes enabled.