> In my experience vacuumlo, https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/vacuumlo.html, is needed to remove large objects, before vacuum can remove them from pg_largeobject. Thanks for the suggestion! vacuumlo deletes any orphaned large objects, presumably by using lo_unlink. While we don't use vacuumlo, our service does clean up orphaned large objects in a similar way. And indeed, inspecting the database reveals that there are no orphaned large objects. Regards, Jim Hurne