Thanks for confirming, so I know I'm not going crazy :)
FWIW, it works on 10.3 to 10.8 (I think) and looks like a regression.
psql (10.3 (Debian 10.3-2))
Type "help" for help.
test=# create table users(id serial primary key, name varchar(255), email varchar(255), age int);
CREATE TABLE
Time: 26.650 ms
test=# create index users_name_idx on users(name); create index users_email_idx on users(email);
CREATE INDEX
Time: 15.660 ms
CREATE INDEX
Time: 12.065 ms
test=# alter table users alter column name type text, alter column email type text;
ALTER TABLE
Time: 7.213 ms
test=# select version();
version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 10.3 (Debian 10.3-2) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 7.3.0-11) 7.3.0, 64-bit
(1 row)
Time: 2.683 ms
psql (10.3 (Debian 10.3-2))
Type "help" for help.
test=# create table users(id serial primary key, name varchar(255), email varchar(255), age int);
CREATE TABLE
Time: 26.650 ms
test=# create index users_name_idx on users(name); create index users_email_idx on users(email);
CREATE INDEX
Time: 15.660 ms
CREATE INDEX
Time: 12.065 ms
test=# alter table users alter column name type text, alter column email type text;
ALTER TABLE
Time: 7.213 ms
test=# select version();
version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 10.3 (Debian 10.3-2) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 7.3.0-11) 7.3.0, 64-bit
(1 row)
Time: 2.683 ms