Maciej Kołuda wrote:
> I am trying to write constraint trigger to assure that at any given point of time I have an exactly one record "active" based on the time.
> To give you some background I would like to have an exactly one box per owner active in which items will be added.
>
> And trigger itself:
>
> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION check_active_box() RETURNS trigger AS $check_active_box$
> BEGIN
> IF (select count(*) from boxes where owner_id = NEW.owner_id and validity_time >= now()) > 1 THEN
> RAISE EXCEPTION 'At least one valid box exists';
> END IF;
> RETURN NEW;
> END;
> $check_active_box$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
>
> CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER check_active_box AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON boxes DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE check_active_box();
>
> Here is the part of the pg_log:
>
> 2018-01-25 15:10:08 CET [15256-666] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: SELECT 1
> 2018-01-25 15:10:08 CET [15256-667] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: BEGIN
> 2018-01-25 15:10:08 CET [15256-668] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: select nextval ('hibernate_sequence')
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-2] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: SELECT 1
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-3] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: BEGIN
> ...
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-2] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: SELECT 1
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-3] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: BEGIN
> ....
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-10] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: insert into boxes (inserted_at, owner_id, validity_time, version, id) values ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-11] myuser@db DETAIL: parameters: $1 = '2018-01-25 15:10:09.245', $2 = '10', $3 = '2018-01-26 15:10:09.244', $4 = '0', $5 = '5082'
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15256-676] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: insert into boxes (inserted_at, owner_id, validity_time, version, id) values ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15256-677] myuser@db DETAIL: parameters: $1 = '2018-01-25 15:10:09.244', $2 = '10', $3 = '2018-01-26 15:10:09.231', $4 = '0', $5 = '5080'
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-12] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: insert into box_messages (box_id, item_id) values ($1, $2)
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-13] myuser@db DETAIL: parameters: $1 = '5082', $2 = '5072'
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-10] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: insert into boxes (inserted_at, owner_id, validity_time, version, id) values ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-11] myuser@db DETAIL: parameters: $1 = '2018-01-25 15:10:09.246', $2 = '10', $3 = '2018-01-26 15:10:09.232', $4 = '0', $5 = '5081'
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15256-678] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: insert into box_items (box_id, item_id) values ($1, $2)
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15256-679] myuser@db DETAIL: parameters: $1 = '5080', $2 = '5070'
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-12] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: insert into box_items (box_id, item_id) values ($1, $2)
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-13] myuser@db DETAIL: parameters: $1 = '5081', $2 = '5071'
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15256-680] myuser@db LOG: execute S_2: COMMIT
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-14] myuser@db LOG: execute S_1: COMMIT
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-14] myuser@db LOG: execute S_1: COMMIT
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-15] myuser@db ERROR: At least one valid box exists
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-16] myuser@db STATEMENT: COMMIT
> 2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15255-17] myuser@db LOG: execute <unnamed>: BEGIN
>
> If I read the above log correctly it looks like the last transaction box id = 5081 has been rolled back properly, but the previous one
> (2018-01-25 15:10:09 CET [15254-14] myuser@db LOG: execute S_1: COMMIT) has been commited without raising en error which results in creating second unwanted box.
>
> Could you point what possibly might be wrong with proposed constraint trigger?
There is a race condition.
The trigger runs right before the transaction commits, but if both 15256 and 15254 commit
at the same time, the trigger functions may run concurrently and then both won't see the
results of the other transaction, which has not yet committed.
The window for the race condition grows with the run time of your trigger function,
but it will never go away.
You could make your function faster if you use
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM boxes WHERE ...) THEN
Using SERIALIZABLE transactions would be a simple way to make sure your constraint is
not violated.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
