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psql error (encoding related?)

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I see this with PostgreSQL 9.4.7 and some 8.x versions running on Linux Red Hat.
Older versions "supposedly" do not exhibit this behavior, but I didn't check.

$ psql
Password:
psql: FATAL:  could not access file "\x246c69626469722f757466385f616e645f69736f383835395f31": No such file or directory

The same error is written to the database log:
FATAL:  could not access file "\x246c69626469722f757466385f616e645f69736f383835395f31": No such file or directory

This is the environment where this problem was reported
$ locale
LANG=en_US
LC_CTYPE="en_US"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US"
LC_COLLATE="en_US"
. . .   . . .    . . .

This is the "normal" environment where I don't see any problems launching psql
$  locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
. . .   . . .    . . .

The database was created using these parameters "initdb  -E UTF8   --locale=C   -D <data-dir> ... "

When I display the list of databases with \l I see that all of them have  these parameters:
Encoding    UTF8
Collate        C
Ctype           C

I can work around this error by doing this "setenv PGCLIENTENCODING UTF-8"

I would like to understand what happens... is this some kind of a bug or just an inherent incompatibility between the client (psql) and the database settings?
Is there a different and maybe a better remedy than using PGCLIENTENCODING?

And if anyone from the Postgres team listening... in the old tradition of whining I would add that the error message referring to a long hex string is not helpful!
Thanks in advance.
Michael.

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