Hi All,
TL;TR: Can a new PostgreSQL process, running on a different server instance effectively resume operations by reading the same data directory location as another PostgreSQL process that is no longer running?
In short - yes.
Avoiding concurrent access and ensuring that the various PostgreSQL binaries involved are all running at minimum the same major (9.6.x) version of PostgreSQL, and ideally the same configuration, is what matters.
David J.