Try creating an index on TRANSLATION fk_job.
From the Execution plan you posted,
->(actual time=43262.266..43262.266 rows=0 loops=1)
actually, there is no row to be updated.
So, if you have a index on TRANSLATION fk_job, the update sql as behind should be finished within several seconds.
->update "TRANSLATION" set fk_assignmentwhere fk_job = 1000;