Hello,
I'm not sure if I should post here or on pgsql-hackers.
While investigating about a wrong result with my btree bloat estimation query,
I found a strange stat deviation between the average size of a value in its
table and its average size in one index on the "lower" expression.
Take the following scenario:
postgres@test=# create table test as
test-# select md5(t::text) AS t
test-# from generate_series(1, 1000000) t;
SELECT 1000000
postgres@test=# create index ON test (lower(t));
CREATE INDEX
postgres@test=# analyze test;
ANALYZE
postgres@test=# select tablename, attname, avg_width
test-# from pg_stats
test-# where schemaname = 'public';
tablename | attname | avg_width
----------------+---------+-----------
test | t | 33
test_lower_idx | lower | 36
Md5 values are always 32 bytes long. In the table, pg_stats reports 33 because
of the text header. In the index, the reported value is 36!
Looking at the page layout documentation and in the index using hexdump, I can
not find any answer about this 3 bytes. PFA the "hexdump -C" output from the
index. For each row, we clearly see a 8 bytes row header followed by a ONE byte
value header (43 'C'), the 32 bytes of the md5 and 7 bytes of padding (00).
A wild guess would be that ANALYZE is considering a text field from an
expression has always a 4 bytes header whatever its actual size (text field
header size is one if the value is < 127 bytes long, 4 in other situations).
This tiny difference is the source of a very bad estimation with the Btree bloat
estimation query when values are around an alignement boundary. As instance,
here is the use case that lead me to this:
tablename | attname | avg_width
--------------------+---------+-----------
customer | email | 23
customer_lower_idx | lower | 26
We have an index on email, and another one on lower(index). The first one is
aligned on 24, the second one on 32. Leading to bloat estimation of 17% for
the first one and -1% for the second one (the estimated index size is bigger
than the real one).
Any information about this from a hacker? Do anyone have an explanation about
this? Is it something that's worth posting on pgsql-hackers?
Regards,00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 00 f0 1f |............0...|
00000010 f0 1f 04 20 00 00 00 00 62 31 05 00 02 00 00 00 |... ....b1......|
00000020 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00001ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 |................|
00002000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a8 01 30 0d |..............0.|
00002010 f0 1f 04 20 00 00 00 00 c0 9f 60 00 90 9f 60 00 |... ......`...`.|
00002020 60 9f 60 00 30 9f 60 00 00 9f 60 00 d0 9e 60 00 |`.`.0.`...`...`.|
00002030 a0 9e 60 00 70 9e 60 00 40 9e 60 00 10 9e 60 00 |..`.p.`.@.`...`.|
00002040 e0 9d 60 00 b0 9d 60 00 80 9d 60 00 50 9d 60 00 |..`...`...`.P.`.|
00002050 20 9d 60 00 f0 9c 60 00 c0 9c 60 00 90 9c 60 00 | .`...`...`...`.|
00002060 60 9c 60 00 30 9c 60 00 00 9c 60 00 d0 9b 60 00 |`.`.0.`...`...`.|
00002070 a0 9b 60 00 70 9b 60 00 40 9b 60 00 10 9b 60 00 |..`.p.`.@.`...`.|
00002080 e0 9a 60 00 b0 9a 60 00 80 9a 60 00 50 9a 60 00 |..`...`...`.P.`.|
00002090 20 9a 60 00 f0 99 60 00 c0 99 60 00 90 99 60 00 | .`...`...`...`.|
000020a0 60 99 60 00 30 99 60 00 00 99 60 00 d0 98 60 00 |`.`.0.`...`...`.|
000020b0 a0 98 60 00 70 98 60 00 40 98 60 00 10 98 60 00 |..`.p.`.@.`...`.|
000020c0 e0 97 60 00 b0 97 60 00 80 97 60 00 50 97 60 00 |..`...`...`.P.`.|
000020d0 20 97 60 00 f0 96 60 00 c0 96 60 00 90 96 60 00 | .`...`...`...`.|
000020e0 60 96 60 00 30 96 60 00 00 96 60 00 d0 95 60 00 |`.`.0.`...`...`.|
000020f0 a0 95 60 00 70 95 60 00 40 95 60 00 10 95 60 00 |..`.p.`.@.`...`.|
00002100 e0 94 60 00 b0 94 60 00 80 94 60 00 50 94 60 00 |..`...`...`.P.`.|
00002110 20 94 60 00 f0 93 60 00 c0 93 60 00 90 93 60 00 | .`...`...`...`.|
00002120 60 93 60 00 30 93 60 00 00 93 60 00 d0 92 60 00 |`.`.0.`...`...`.|
00002130 a0 92 60 00 70 92 60 00 40 92 60 00 10 92 60 00 |..`.p.`.@.`...`.|
00002140 e0 91 60 00 b0 91 60 00 80 91 60 00 50 91 60 00 |..`...`...`.P.`.|
00002150 20 91 60 00 f0 90 60 00 c0 90 60 00 90 90 60 00 | .`...`...`...`.|
00002160 60 90 60 00 30 90 60 00 00 90 60 00 d0 8f 60 00 |`.`.0.`...`...`.|
00002170 a0 8f 60 00 70 8f 60 00 40 8f 60 00 10 8f 60 00 |..`.p.`.@.`...`.|
00002180 e0 8e 60 00 b0 8e 60 00 80 8e 60 00 50 8e 60 00 |..`...`...`.P.`.|
00002190 20 8e 60 00 f0 8d 60 00 c0 8d 60 00 90 8d 60 00 | .`...`...`...`.|
000021a0 60 8d 60 00 30 8d 60 00 30 8d 60 00 00 00 00 00 |`.`.0.`.0.`.....|
000021b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00002d30 00 00 00 00 53 00 30 40 43 66 65 39 66 63 32 38 |....S.0@Cfe9fc28|
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