Hello, The pg_catalog.concat() is defined as STABLE function. As per my understanding a STABLE function cannot modify the database and is guaranteed to return the same results given the same arguments for all rows within a single statement. Example: current_timestamp family of functions qualify as stable, since their values do not change within a transaction. An IMMUTABLE function cannot modify the database and is guaranteed to return the same results given the same arguments forever. why was STABLE preferred for concat() over IMMUTABLE? ----- Regards, Vinayak, -- View this message in context: http://postgresql.1045698.n5.nabble.com/CONCAT-function-tp5817884.html Sent from the PostgreSQL - general mailing list archive at Nabble.com. -- Sent via pgsql-general mailing list (pgsql-general@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx) To make changes to your subscription: http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-general