What is the preferred way to enforce that there is at least one orphan record if any at all, and that a record is not a Marty McFly type descendent of itself? I would suggest that a statement level after trigger is the way to go, but I myself have never actually had to enforce this. Regards, Peter Geoghegan -- Sent via pgsql-general mailing list (pgsql-general@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx) To make changes to your subscription: http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-general