I hit an issue with window aggregate costing while experimenting with providing a count of the full match along side a limited result set. Seems that the window aggregate node doesn't take into account that it has to consume the whole input before outputting the first row. When this is combined with a limit, the resulting cost estimate is wildly underestimated, leading to suboptimal plans. Is this a known issue? I couldn't find anything referring to this on the mailing list or todo. Code to reproduce follows: ants=# CREATE TABLE test (a int, b int); CREATE TABLE ants=# INSERT INTO test (a,b) SELECT random()*1e6, random()*1e6 FROM generate_series(1,1000000); INSERT 0 1000000 ants=# CREATE INDEX a_idx ON test (a); CREATE INDEX ants=# CREATE INDEX b_idx ON test (b); CREATE INDEX ants=# ANALYZE test; ANALYZE ants=# EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT *, COUNT(*) OVER () FROM test WHERE a < 2500 ORDER BY b LIMIT 10; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Limit (cost=0.00..195.31 rows=10 width=8) (actual time=728.325..728.339 rows=10 loops=1) -> WindowAgg (cost=0.00..46209.93 rows=2366 width=8) (actual time=728.324..728.337 rows=10 loops=1) -> Index Scan using b_idx on test (cost=0.00..46180.36 rows=2366 width=8) (actual time=0.334..727.221 rows=2512 loops=1) Filter: (a < 2500) Total runtime: 728.401 ms (5 rows) ants=# SET enable_indexscan = off; SET ants=# EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT *, COUNT(*) OVER () FROM test WHERE a < 2500 ORDER BY b LIMIT 10; QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limit (cost=3986.82..3986.85 rows=10 width=8) (actual time=7.186..7.189 rows=10 loops=1) -> Sort (cost=3986.82..3992.74 rows=2366 width=8) (actual time=7.185..7.187 rows=10 loops=1) Sort Key: b Sort Method: top-N heapsort Memory: 25kB -> WindowAgg (cost=46.70..3935.69 rows=2366 width=8) (actual time=4.181..6.508 rows=2512 loops=1) -> Bitmap Heap Scan on test (cost=46.70..3906.12 rows=2366 width=8) (actual time=0.933..3.555 rows=2512 loops=1) Recheck Cond: (a < 2500) -> Bitmap Index Scan on a_idx (cost=0.00..46.10 rows=2366 width=0) (actual time=0.512..0.512 rows=2512 loops=1) Index Cond: (a < 2500) Total runtime: 7.228 ms (10 rows) -- Sent via pgsql-performance mailing list (pgsql-performance@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx) To make changes to your subscription: http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-performance