Thanks for the extremely helpful response. I don't think I would've
spotted that one in a hurry.
You must be having an exception handler block in that pl/pgsql
function, which implicitly creates a new subtransaction on each
invocation of the exception handler block, so you end up with hundreds
of thousands of committed subtransactions.
Aah - yes, there is. I didn't realize it'd have such an impact. I can
work around the need for it by explicitly checking the table constraints
in the function - in which case an uncaught exception will terminate the
transaction, but should only arise when I've missed a constraint check.
For 8.4, it would be nice to improve that. I tested that on my laptop
with a similarly-sized table, inserting each row in a pl/pgsql
function with an exception handler, and I got very similar run times.
According to oprofile, all the time is spent in
TransactionIdIsInProgress. I think it would be pretty straightforward
to store the committed subtransaction ids in a sorted array, instead
of a linked list, and binary search. Or to use a hash table. That
should eliminate this problem, though there is still other places as
well where a large number of subtransactions will hurt performance.
That does sound interesting - and it would be nice to be able to use
exception handlers this way without too huge a performance hit. In the
end though it's something that can be designed around once you're aware
of it - and I'm sure that other ways of storing that data have their own
different costs and downsides.
What might also be nice, and simpler, would be a `notice', `log', or
even `debug1' level warning telling the user they've reached an absurd
number of subtransactions that'll cripple PostgreSQL's performance - say
100,000. There's precedent for this in the checkpoint frequency warning
8.3 produces if checkpoints are becoming too frequent - and like that
warning it could be configurable for big sites. If you think that's sane
I might have a go at it - though I mostly work in C++ so the result
probably won't be too pretty initially.
--
Craig Ringer
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