>>> On Tue, Feb 28, 2006 at 3:02 pm, in message <20060228210232.GW82012@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, "Jim C. Nasby" <jnasby@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > Maybe it's just the way my twisted mind thinks, but I generally prefer > using a JOIN when possible... Definitely. But sometimes you don't want one row from a table for each qualifying row in another table, you want one row from the table if one or more qualifying rows exist in the other table. Those are the cases in question here. Don't suggest that I just let the duplicates happen and use DISTINCT, that is much more prone to logic errors in complex queries, and typically optimizes worse. -Kevin