On Tue, 2024-02-20 at 16:20 +0800, James Pang wrote: > We have several sql "select ... from ... where ..." ,from pg_stat_statements, > we found the select sql has many shared_blks_dirtied, shared_blks_written. > is it by "hint bits" updates ? when checkpoint just completed, we saw many > wal_fpi , wal_bytes with this select sql too. Yes, that are probably hint bits. One way to avoid that is to VACUUM the table after a bulk load, that will set hint bits. Yours, Laurenz Albe