Have you tuned the autovacuum settings? We've found the defaults to not be great for large tables
Eg autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor defaults to 0.2, so 20% of the tuples need to be deleted/updated before a vacuum us triggered. If there are a billion rows, that means there needs to be 200 million deleted rows to trigger the autovacuum
Maybe try changing autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor to 0.001 or something for that large table
Paul
On 14 May 2023 22:03:41 Wells Oliver <wells.oliver@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
I think our use-case here is nothing special: just very large tables that are deleted from and re-inserted with some frequency. They store monthly data and exist as partitions. As an example, July of 2022 (summer months are peak) had 1,630,558,336 rows. We delete from this and insert daily. We rarely get new, relevant data once the month is over. The n_dead_tup from pg_stat_all_tables here was over 7m rows, and clearing that out gave us back nearly 50GB, and the file size estimate on this partition was ~200 GB. These tables get auto-vacuumed but clearly it's not, well, aggressively reclaiming space.Given that they are partitions, VACUUM FULL locks the parent table, so new writes/deletes can't happen, and anyway people like to run queries against these tables quite frequently.Glad to add any detail I can.On Sun, May 14, 2023 at 11:32 AM Jeff Janes <jeff.janes@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:On Sun, May 14, 2023 at 1:46 PM Wells Oliver <wells.oliver@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:Noticed over the last few days how much more space VACUUM FULL reclaims (for obvious reasons) and I am wondering if there are any solutions for a more fruitful VACUUM without the locks of FULL?There are lots of theories which are all compatible with the minimal amount of info given here. If the space is freed from the indexes, then just reindexing (which can be done concurrently in recent versions) could reclaim the space. If it is from the table itself then something like pg_squeeze (https://github.com/cybertec-postgresql/pg_squeeze/) might help. Or you can implement your own squeezing, by using a CTE with a ctid scan to delete tuples from the end of the table and reinsert them in the front, then use regular vacuum to truncate the now-free space off the end of the table.I would think the more fruitful VACUUM would be to prevent the bloat from occuring in the first place but without knowing the root cause I can't offer anything but platitudes there.Cheers,Jeff--Wells Oliver
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