>From d60ffad87aa1fdbd34e224437e4275c672cb3be1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@xxxxxxxxx>
Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2017 22:59:35 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Update tables using booktabs and alternate-row coloring scheme
Note: Some of complex or large tables have not touched yet.
Signed-off-by: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@xxxxxxxxx>
---
SMPdesign/SMPdesign.tex | 10 +++--
appendix/questions/after.tex | 25 +++++++++----
appendix/styleguide/styleguide.tex | 14 ++++---
count/count.tex | 50 +++++++++++++++----------
cpu/overheads.tex | 76 +++++++++++++++++---------------------
defer/rcuapi.tex | 16 ++++----
defer/rcufundamental.tex | 16 ++++----
defer/rcuusage.tex | 10 +++--
defer/whichtochoose.tex | 27 +++++---------
formal/spinhint.tex | 68 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
future/QC.tex | 75 +++++++++++++++++++------------------
perfbook.tex | 1 +
together/refcnt.tex | 25 +++++++------
13 files changed, 215 insertions(+), 198 deletions(-)
diff --git a/SMPdesign/SMPdesign.tex b/SMPdesign/SMPdesign.tex
index 2e5b69f..56eac22 100644
--- a/SMPdesign/SMPdesign.tex
+++ b/SMPdesign/SMPdesign.tex
@@ -1346,17 +1346,19 @@ as shown in
Table~\ref{fig:app:questions:Schematic of Real-World Parallel Allocator}.
\begin{table}[tbp]
-\footnotesize
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\small
\centering
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.25}
-\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt}
-\begin{tabularx}{\twocolumnwidth}{l|l|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
+\begin{tabularx}{\twocolumnwidth}{ll>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
+\toprule
Level & Locking & Purpose \\
-\hline
+\midrule
Per-thread pool & Data ownership & High-speed allocation \\
Global block pool & Data locking & Distributing blocks among threads \\
Coalescing & Data locking & Combining blocks into pages \\
System memory & Code locking & Memory from/to system \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\caption{Schematic of Real-World Parallel Allocator}
\label{fig:app:questions:Schematic of Real-World Parallel Allocator}
diff --git a/appendix/questions/after.tex b/appendix/questions/after.tex
index cea0791..4749a0a 100644
--- a/appendix/questions/after.tex
+++ b/appendix/questions/after.tex
@@ -138,11 +138,15 @@ columns labelled ``a'', ``b'', and ``c'' show the amount that these
variables increased since the prior snapshot collected by the consumer.
\begin{table}[htbp]
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\sisetup{group-digits=false}
\centering
\scriptsize
-\begin{tabular}{rcrrrr}
-seq & time (seconds) & delta~ & a & b & c \\
-\hline
+\begin{tabular}{rS[table-format=7.6]rS[table-format=3.0]S[table-format=3.0]S[table-format=3.0]}
+\toprule
+seq & \multicolumn{1}{c}{time (seconds)} & delta~ & a & b & c \\
+\midrule
17563: & 1152396.251585 & ($-16.928$) & 27 & 27 & 27 \\
18004: & 1152396.252581 & ($-12.875$) & 24 & 24 & 24 \\
18163: & 1152396.252955 & ($-19.073$) & 18 & 18 & 18 \\
@@ -150,6 +154,7 @@ seq & time (seconds) & delta~ & a & b & c \\
19863: & 1152396.256960 & ($-6.914$) & 18 & 18 & 18 \\
21644: & 1152396.260959 & ($-5.960$) & 18 & 18 & 18 \\
23408: & 1152396.264957 & ($-20.027$) & 15 & 15 & 15 \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{``After'' Program Sample Output}
\label{tab:app:questions:After Program Sample Output}
@@ -219,13 +224,17 @@ there are only cases with more than 1,000 counts difference between
consecutive reads by the consumer.
\begin{table}[htbp]
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\sisetup{group-digits=false}
\centering
\scriptsize
-\begin{tabular}{rcrrrr}
-seq & time (seconds) & delta~ & a & b & c \\
-\hline
-58597: & 1156521.556296 & (3.815) & 1485 & 1485 & 1485 \\
-403927: & 1156523.446636 & (2.146) & 2583 & 2583 & 2583 \\
+\begin{tabular}{rS[table-format=7.6]rS[table-format=4.0]S[table-format=4.0]S[table-format=4.0]}
+\toprule
+seq & \multicolumn{1}{c}{time (seconds)} & delta~ & a & b & c \\
+\midrule
+58597: & 1156521.556296 & ($3.815$) & 1485 & 1485 & 1485 \\
+403927: & 1156523.446636 & ($2.146$) & 2583 & 2583 & 2583 \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Locked ``After'' Program Sample Output}
\label{fig:app:questions:Locked After Program Sample Output}
diff --git a/appendix/styleguide/styleguide.tex b/appendix/styleguide/styleguide.tex
index 14fd620..024270c 100644
--- a/appendix/styleguide/styleguide.tex
+++ b/appendix/styleguide/styleguide.tex
@@ -268,14 +268,18 @@ Table~\ref{tab:app:styleguide:Digit-Grouping Style}.
\begin{tabular}{lrrr}\toprule
Style & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Outputs of \co{\\num\{\}}} \\
\midrule
- NIST/SI (English) & \num{\NumDigitGrpA} & \num{\NumDigitGrpB} & \num{\NumDigitGrp} \\
- SI (French) & \num[locale=FR]{\NumDigitGrpA} &
- \num[locale=FR]{\NumDigitGrpB} & \num[locale=FR]{\NumDigitGrp} \\
+ NIST/SI (English) & \num[group-separator={\,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrpA} &
+ \num[group-separator={\,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrpB} &
+ \num[group-separator={\,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrp} \\
+ SI (French) & \num[locale=FR,group-separator={\,}]{\NumDigitGrpA} &
+ \num[locale=FR,group-separator={\,}]{\NumDigitGrpB} &
+ \num[locale=FR,group-separator={\,}]{\NumDigitGrp} \\
English & \num[group-separator={,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrpA} &
\num[group-separator={,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrpB} &
\num[group-separator={,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrp} \\
- French & \num[locale=FR]{\NumDigitGrpA} &
- \num[locale=FR]{\NumDigitGrpB} & \num[locale=FR]{\NumDigitGrp} \\
+ French & \num[locale=FR,group-separator={\,}]{\NumDigitGrpA} &
+ \num[locale=FR,group-separator={\,}]{\NumDigitGrpB} &
+ \num[locale=FR,group-separator={\,}]{\NumDigitGrp} \\
Other Europe & \num[group-separator={.},output-decimal-marker={,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrpA} &
\num[group-separator={.},output-decimal-marker={,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrpB} &
\num[group-separator={.},output-decimal-marker={,},group-digits=integer]{\NumDigitGrp} \\
diff --git a/count/count.tex b/count/count.tex
index c35c7c2..9a4835d 100644
--- a/count/count.tex
+++ b/count/count.tex
@@ -3313,22 +3313,27 @@ will expand on these lessons.
\label{sec:count:Parallel Counting Performance}
\begin{table*}
+\rowcolors{4}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\small
\centering
-\begin{tabular}{l|r|r|r|r}
- & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Reads} \\
- \cline{4-5}
- Algorithm & Section & Updates & 1 Core & 32 Cores \\
- \hline
- \hline
+\begin{tabular}{lrS[table-format = 2.1]S[table-format = 3.0]S[table-format = 5.0]}
+ \toprule
+ & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Reads (ns)} \\
+ \cmidrule{4-5}
+ Algorithm & Section & \multicolumn{1}{r}{Updates (ns)} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{1 Core} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{32 Cores} \\
+ \midrule
\path{count_stat.c} & \ref{sec:count:Array-Based Implementation} &
- 11.5 ns & 408 ns & 409 ns \\
+ 11.5 & 408 & 409 \\
\path{count_stat_eventual.c} & \ref{sec:count:Eventually Consistent Implementation} &
- 11.6 ns & 1 ns & 1 ns \\
+ 11.6 & 1 & 1 \\
\path{count_end.c} & \ref{sec:count:Per-Thread-Variable-Based Implementation} &
- 6.3 ns & 389 ns & 51,200 ns \\
+ 6.3 & 389 & 51 200 \\
\path{count_end_rcu.c} & \ref{sec:together:RCU and Per-Thread-Variable-Based Statistical Counters} &
- 5.7 ns & 354 ns & 501 ns \\
+ 5.7 & 354 & 501 \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Statistical Counter Performance on \Power{6}}
\label{tab:count:Statistical Counter Performance on Power-6}
@@ -3393,22 +3398,27 @@ courtesy of eventual consistency.
} \QuickQuizEnd
\begin{table*}
+\rowcolors{4}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\small
\centering
-\begin{tabular}{l|r|c|r|r|r}
- & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Reads} \\
- \cline{5-6}
- Algorithm & Section & Exact? & Updates & 1 Core & 64 Cores \\
- \hline
- \hline
+\begin{tabular}{lrcS[table-format = 2.1]S[table-format = 3.0]S[table-format = 5.0]}
+ \toprule
+ & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Reads (ns)} \\
+ \cmidrule{5-6}
+ Algorithm & Section & Exact? & \multicolumn{1}{r}{Updates (ns)} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{1 Core} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{64 Cores} \\
+ \midrule
\path{count_lim.c} & \ref{sec:count:Simple Limit Counter Implementation} &
- N & 3.6 ns & 375 ns & 50,700 ns \\
+ N & 3.6 & 375 & 50 700 \\
\path{count_lim_app.c} & \ref{sec:count:Approximate Limit Counter Implementation} &
- N & 11.7 ns & 369 ns & 51,000 ns \\
+ N & 11.7 & 369 & 51 000 \\
\path{count_lim_atomic.c} & \ref{sec:count:Atomic Limit Counter Implementation} &
- Y & 51.4 ns & 427 ns & 49,400 ns \\
+ Y & 51.4 & 427 & 49 400 \\
\path{count_lim_sig.c} & \ref{sec:count:Signal-Theft Limit Counter Implementation} &
- Y & 10.2 ns & 370 ns & 54,000 ns \\
+ Y & 10.2 & 370 & 54 000 \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Limit Counter Performance on \Power{6}}
\label{tab:count:Limit Counter Performance on Power-6}
diff --git a/cpu/overheads.tex b/cpu/overheads.tex
index 74fed94..bd4c814 100644
--- a/cpu/overheads.tex
+++ b/cpu/overheads.tex
@@ -124,30 +124,27 @@ optimization.
\label{sec:cpu:Costs of Operations}
\begin{table}
-\small
-\centering
-\begin{tabular}{l||r|r}
- & & Ratio \\
- Operation & Cost (ns) & (cost/clock) \\
- \hline
- \hline
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.1}
+\centering\small
+\begin{tabular}
+ {
+ l
+ S[table-format = 9.1]
+ S[table-format = 9.1]
+ }
+ \toprule
+ Operation & \multicolumn{1}{r}{Cost (ns)}
+ & {\parbox[b]{.7in}{\raggedleft Ratio\\(cost/clock)}} \\
+ \midrule
Clock period & 0.6 & 1.0 \\
- \hline
Best-case CAS & 37.9 & 63.2 \\
- \hline
Best-case lock & 65.6 & 109.3 \\
- \hline
Single cache miss & 139.5 & 232.5 \\
- \hline
CAS cache miss & 306.0 & 510.0 \\
- \hline
- Comms Fabric & 5,000\textcolor{white}{.0}
- & 8,330\textcolor{white}{.0}
- \\
- \hline
- Global Comms & 195,000,000\textcolor{white}{.0}
- & 325,000,000\textcolor{white}{.0} \\
- \\
+ Comms Fabric & 5 000 & 8 330 \\
+ Global Comms & 195 000 000 & 325 000 000 \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Performance of Synchronization Mechanisms on 4-CPU 1.8\,GHz AMD Opteron 844 System}
\label{tab:cpu:Performance of Synchronization Mechanisms on 4-CPU 1.8GHz AMD Opteron 844 System}
@@ -211,40 +208,35 @@ global agreement.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{table}
-\small
-\centering
-\begin{tabular}{l||r|r}
- & & Ratio \\
- Operation & Cost (ns) & (cost/clock) \\
- \hline
- \hline
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.1}
+\centering\small
+\begin{tabular}
+ {
+ l
+ S[table-format = 9.1]
+ S[table-format = 9.1]
+ }
+ \toprule
+ Operation & \multicolumn{1}{r}{Cost (ns)}
+ & {\parbox[b]{.7in}{\raggedleft Ratio\\(cost/clock)}} \\
+ \midrule
Clock period & 0.4 & 1.0 \\
- \hline
``Best-case'' CAS & 12.2 & 33.8 \\
- \hline
Best-case lock & 25.6 & 71.2 \\
- \hline
Single cache miss & 12.9 & 35.8 \\
- \hline
CAS cache miss & 7.0 & 19.4 \\
- \hline
+ \midrule
Off-Core & & \\
- \hline
Single cache miss & 31.2 & 86.6 \\
- \hline
CAS cache miss & 31.2 & 86.5 \\
- \hline
+ \midrule
Off-Socket & & \\
- \hline
Single cache miss & 92.4 & 256.7 \\
- \hline
CAS cache miss & 95.9 & 266.4 \\
- \hline
- Comms Fabric & 2,600\textcolor{white}{.0}
- & 7,220\textcolor{white}{.0} \\
- \hline
- Global Comms & 195,000,000\textcolor{white}{.0}
- & 542,000,000\textcolor{white}{.0} \\
+ Comms Fabric & 2 600 & 7 220 \\
+ Global Comms & 195 000 000 & 542 000 000 \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Performance of Synchronization Mechanisms on 16-CPU 2.8\,GHz Intel X5550 (Nehalem) System}
\label{tab:cpu:Performance of Synchronization Mechanisms on 16-CPU 2.8GHz Intel X5550 (Nehalem) System}
diff --git a/defer/rcuapi.tex b/defer/rcuapi.tex
index 6b4337a..874b8b1 100644
--- a/defer/rcuapi.tex
+++ b/defer/rcuapi.tex
@@ -460,20 +460,21 @@ the memory-ordering models of each of the 20+ CPU families
that Linux supports~\cite{Spraul01}.
\begin{table*}[tb]
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.15}
\footnotesize
\centering
-\begin{tabular}{l|l|l|p{1.2in}}
+\begin{tabular}{lllp{1.2in}}
+\toprule
Category &
Primitives &
Availability &
Overhead \\
-\hline
-\hline
+\midrule
List traversal &
\tco{list_for_each_entry_rcu()} &
2.5.59 &
Simple instructions (memory barrier on Alpha) \\
-\hline
+\midrule
List update &
\tco{list_add_rcu()} &
2.5.44 &
@@ -494,7 +495,7 @@ List update &
\tco{list_splice_init_rcu()} &
2.6.21 &
Grace-period latency \\
-\hline
+\midrule
Hlist traversal &
\tco{hlist_for_each_entry_rcu()} &
2.6.8 &
@@ -519,16 +520,17 @@ Hlist traversal &
\tco{hlist_replace_rcu()} &
2.6.15 &
Memory barrier \\
-\hline
+\midrule
Pointer traversal &
\tco{rcu_dereference()} &
2.6.9 &
Simple instructions (memory barrier on Alpha) \\
-\hline
+\midrule
Pointer update &
\tco{rcu_assign_pointer()} &
2.6.10 &
Memory barrier \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{RCU Publish-Subscribe and Version Maintenance APIs}
\label{tab:defer:RCU Publish-Subscribe and Version Maintenance APIs}
diff --git a/defer/rcufundamental.tex b/defer/rcufundamental.tex
index a500f51..27c6421 100644
--- a/defer/rcufundamental.tex
+++ b/defer/rcufundamental.tex
@@ -380,30 +380,32 @@ circular list:
\vspace{5pt}
\begin{table*}[tb]
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\centering
-\scriptsize
-\begin{tabular}{l||l|l|l}
+\footnotesize
+\begin{tabular}{llll}
+\toprule
Category & Publish & Retract & Subscribe \\
-\hline
-\hline
+\midrule
Pointers & \tco{rcu_assign_pointer()}
& \tco{rcu_assign_pointer(..., NULL)}
& \tco{rcu_dereference()} \\
-\hline
+\midrule
Lists & \parbox[c][0.37in][c]{1.3in}{
\co{list_add_rcu()} \\
\co{list_add_tail_rcu()} \\
\co{list_replace_rcu()} }
& \tco{list_del_rcu()}
& \tco{list_for_each_entry_rcu()} \\
-\hline
+\midrule
Hlists & \parbox[c][0.5in][c]{1.3in}{
\co{hlist_add_after_rcu()} \\
\co{hlist_add_before_rcu()} \\
\co{hlist_add_head_rcu()} \\
\co{hlist_replace_rcu()} }
& \tco{hlist_del_rcu()}
- & \tco{hlist_for_each_entry_rcu()}
+ & \tco{hlist_for_each_entry_rcu()} \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{RCU Publish and Subscribe Primitives}
\label{tab:defer:RCU Publish and Subscribe Primitives}
diff --git a/defer/rcuusage.tex b/defer/rcuusage.tex
index 9ad1a1e..499c6bd 100644
--- a/defer/rcuusage.tex
+++ b/defer/rcuusage.tex
@@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
\OriginallyPublished{Section}{sec:defer:RCU Usage}{RCU Usage}{Linux Weekly News}{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage}
\begin{table}[tb]
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\centering
-\scriptsize
-\begin{tabular}{l|l}
+\small
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\toprule
Mechanism RCU Replaces & Section \\
-\hline
-\hline
+\midrule
Reader-writer locking &
Section~\ref{sec:defer:RCU is a Reader-Writer Lock Replacement} \\
Restricted reference-counting mechanism &
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ Type-Safe Memory &
Section~\ref{sec:defer:RCU is a Way of Providing Type-Safe Memory} \\
Wait for things to finish &
Section~\ref{sec:defer:RCU is a Way of Waiting for Things to Finish} \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{RCU Usage}
\label{tab:defer:RCU Usage}
diff --git a/defer/whichtochoose.tex b/defer/whichtochoose.tex
index 0b716ef..95d82b4 100644
--- a/defer/whichtochoose.tex
+++ b/defer/whichtochoose.tex
@@ -5,88 +5,81 @@
\label{sec:defer:Which to Choose?}
\begin{table*}
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.25}
\footnotesize
\centering\OneColumnHSpace{-.3in}
-\begin{tabularx}{5.3in}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{1.1in}||
- >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{1.2in}|
- >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X|
- >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X|
+\begin{tabularx}{5.3in}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{1.1in}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{1.2in}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X
>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{.9in}}
-
+ \toprule
+ Property
& Reference Counting
& Hazard Pointers
& Sequence Locks
& RCU \\
- \hline
% RC HP SL RCU \\
- \hline
+ \midrule
Existence Guarantees
& Complex
& Yes
& No
& Yes \\
- \hline
Updates and Readers Progress Concurrently
& Yes
& Yes
& No
& Yes \\
- \hline
Contention Among Readers
& High
& None
& None
& None \\
- \hline
Reader Per\-/Critical\-/Section Overhead
& N/A
& N/A
& Two \tco{smp_mb()}
& Ranges from none to two
\tco{smp_mb()} \\
- \hline
Reader Per-Object Traversal Overhead
& Read-modify-write atomic operations, memory\-/barrier
instructions, and cache misses
& \tco{smp_mb()}
& None, but unsafe
& None (volatile accesses) \\
- \hline
Reader Forward Progress Guarantee
& Lock free
& Lock free
& Blocking
& Bounded wait free \\
- \hline
Reader Reference Acquisition
& Can fail (conditional)
& Can fail (conditional)
& Unsafe
& Cannot fail (unconditional) \\
- \hline
Memory Footprint
& Bounded
& Bounded
& Bounded
& Unbounded \\
- \hline
Reclamation Forward Progress
& Lock free
& Lock free
& N/A
& Blocking \\
- \hline
Automatic Reclamation
& Yes
& No
& N/A
& No \\
- \hline
Lines of Code
& 94
& 79
& 79
& 73 \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\caption{Which Deferred Technique to Choose?}
\label{tab:defer:Which Deferred Technique to Choose?}
diff --git a/formal/spinhint.tex b/formal/spinhint.tex
index ff33839..2d04b80 100644
--- a/formal/spinhint.tex
+++ b/formal/spinhint.tex
@@ -348,25 +348,24 @@ of the state space, as shown in
Listing~\ref{lst:analysis:Atomic Increment spin Output}.
\begin{table}
-\footnotesize
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\small
\centering
-\begin{tabular}{c|r|r}
- \# incrementers & \# states & megabytes \\
- \hline
- \hline
+\begin{tabular}{S[table-format = 1.0]S[table-format = 7.0]S[table-format = 3.1]}
+ \toprule
+ \multicolumn{1}{l}{\# incrementers} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{\# states} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{megabytes} \\
+ \midrule
1 & 11 & 2.6 \\
- \hline
2 & 52 & 2.6 \\
- \hline
3 & 372 & 2.6 \\
- \hline
- 4 & 3,496 & 2.7 \\
- \hline
- 5 & 40,221 & 5.0 \\
- \hline
- 6 & 545,720 & 40.5 \\
- \hline
- 7 & 8,521,450 & 652.7 \\
+ 4 & 3 496 & 2.7 \\
+ 5 & 40 221 & 5.0 \\
+ 6 & 545 720 & 40.5 \\
+ 7 & 8 521 450 & 652.7 \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Memory Usage of Increment Model}
\label{tab:advsync:Memory Usage of Increment Model}
@@ -1221,28 +1220,27 @@ cc -DSAFETY -o pan pan.c
\vspace{5pt}
\begin{table}
-\footnotesize
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\small
\centering
-\begin{tabular}{c|r|r|r}
- updaters &
- readers &
- \# states & MB \\
- \hline
+\begin{tabular}{S[table-format = 1.0]S[table-format = 1.0]S[table-format = 9.0]
+ S[table-format = 5.1]}
+ \toprule
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{updaters} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{readers} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{\# states} &
+ \multicolumn{1}{r}{MB} \\
+ \midrule
1 & 1 & 376 & 2.6 \\
- \hline
- 1 & 2 & 6,177 & 2.9 \\
- \hline
- 1 & 3 & 82,127 & 7.5 \\
- \hline
- 2 & 1 & 29,399 & 4.5 \\
- \hline
- 2 & 2 & 1,071,180 & 75.4 \\
- \hline
- 2 & 3 & 33,866,700 & 2,715.2 \\
- \hline
- 3 & 1 & 258,605 & 22.3 \\
- \hline
- 3 & 2 & 169,533,000 & 14,979.9 \\
+ 1 & 2 & 6 177 & 2.9 \\
+ 1 & 3 & 82 127 & 7.5 \\
+ 2 & 1 & 29 399 & 4.5 \\
+ 2 & 2 & 1 071 180 & 75.4 \\
+ 2 & 3 & 33 866 700 & 2 715.2 \\
+ 3 & 1 & 258 605 & 22.3 \\
+ 3 & 2 & 169 533 000 & 14 979.9 \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Memory Usage of QRCU Model}
\label{tab:advsync:Memory Usage of QRCU Model}
diff --git a/future/QC.tex b/future/QC.tex
index a053240..f470de5 100644
--- a/future/QC.tex
+++ b/future/QC.tex
@@ -125,34 +125,33 @@ QC systems have been making substantial Moore's-Law-style progress
in a number of technical areas.
\begin{table}
-\centering\footnotesize
-\begin{tabular}{l|r|r|r}
- & & & Years per \\
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\centering\small
+\begin{tabular}{lrS[table-format = 4.0]S[table-format = 1.1]}
+\toprule
System
& Availability
- & Qubits
- & Doubling \\
-\hline
-\hline
+ & \multicolumn{1}{r}{Qubits}
+ & \multicolumn{1}{r}{\parbox[b]{.5in}{Years per\\Doubling}} \\
+\midrule
D-Wave One
& May 2011
& 128
& 1.4 \\
-\hline
D-Wave Two
& May 2013
& 512
& 1.9 \\
-\hline
D-Wave 2X
& Aug 2015
& 1152
& 1.7 \\
-\hline
D-Wave 2000Q
& Jan 2017
& 2048
- & --- \\
+ & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$-$} \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{D-Wave Qubit Growth Rate}
\label{tab:future:D-Wave Qubit Growth Rate}
@@ -645,20 +644,21 @@ to transport heat from a low temperature ($\TLo$) to a high temperature
\end{equation}
\begin{table}
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.25}
\centering\footnotesize
-\begin{tabular}{p{1.7in}|p{0.95in}}
+\begin{tabular}{p{1.7in}p{0.95in}}
+\toprule
Law of Thermodynamics
& English Translation \\
-\hline
-\hline
+\midrule
Energy is conserved.
& Can't win! \\
-\hline
Entropy increases in closed systems.
& Can't break even! \\
-\hline
Entropy approaches a constant value as temperature approaches absolute zero.
& Can't leave the game! \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{The Three Laws of Thermodynamics}
\label{tab:future:The Three Laws of Thermodynamics}
@@ -692,37 +692,36 @@ at low temperatures.\footnote{
a less daunting refrigeration barrier to QC-on-a-chip.}
\begin{table}
-\centering\footnotesize
-\begin{tabular}{l|r|r|r}
- & & & Power per watt \\
+\rowcolors{1}{}{lightgray}
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\centering\small
+\begin{tabular}{lS[table-format = 3.3]S[table-format = 1.6]S[table-format = 5.1]}
+\toprule
Situation
- & $T$ (K)
- & $\CPf$ & waste heat (W) \\
-\hline
-\hline
+ & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$T$ (K)}
+ & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\CPf$}
+ & \multicolumn{1}{r}{\parbox[b]{.75in}{Power per watt\\waste heat (W)}} \\
+\midrule
Dry Ice
- & $195$
- & $1.990$
+ & 195
+ & 1.990
& 0.5 \\
-\hline
Liquid N$_2$
- & $77$
- & $0.356$
+ & 77
+ & 0.356
& 2.8 \\
-\hline
Liquid H$_2$
- & $20$
- & $0.073$
+ & 20
+ & 0.073
& 13.7 \\
-\hline
Liquid He
- & $4$
- & $0.0138$
+ & 4
+ & 0.0138
& 72.3 \\
-\hline
-IBM~Q & $0.015$
- & $0.000051$
- & 19,500.0 \\
+IBM~Q & 0.015
+ & 0.000051
+ & 19 500.0 \\
+\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Refrigeration Power Consumption}
\label{tab:future:Refrigeration Power Consumption}
diff --git a/perfbook.tex b/perfbook.tex
index 93d2253..32f0e6d 100644
--- a/perfbook.tex
+++ b/perfbook.tex
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
\usepackage[xspace]{ellipsis}
\usepackage{braket} % for \ket{} macro in QC section
\usepackage{siunitx} % for \num{} macro
+\sisetup{group-minimum-digits=4,group-separator={,},group-digits=integer}
% custom packages
diff --git a/together/refcnt.tex b/together/refcnt.tex
index 8a7fa1d..cc04367 100644
--- a/together/refcnt.tex
+++ b/together/refcnt.tex
@@ -65,21 +65,24 @@ locking, and RCU.
} \QuickQuizEnd
\begin{table}[tb]
-\footnotesize
+\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.25}
+\rowcolors{3}{}{lightgray}
+\small
\centering
-\begin{tabular}{l||c|c|c}
+\begin{tabular}{lccc}
+ \toprule
& \multicolumn{3}{c}{Release Synchronization} \\
- \cline{2-4}
- Acquisition & & Reference & \\
- Synchronization & Locking & Counting & RCU \\
- \hline
- \hline
+ \cmidrule(l){2-4}
+ \parbox[c]{.8in}{Acquisition\\Synchronization}
+ & Locking
+ & \parbox[c]{.5in}{Reference\\Counting}
+ & RCU \\
+ \cmidrule{1-1} \cmidrule(l){2-4}
Locking & $-$ & CAM & CA \\
- \hline
- Reference & A & AM & A \\
- Counting & & & \\
- \hline
+ \parbox[c][6ex]{.8in}{Reference\\Counting}
+ & A & AM & A \\
RCU & CA & MCA & CA \\
+ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Reference Counting and Synchronization Mechanisms}
\label{tab:together:Reference Counting and Synchronization Mechanisms}
--
2.7.4
--
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