Okay, I've written a short test-case. I thank you for asking this question; it answers my own question in another mail - why pam_acct_mgmt() fails when I call it. It would seem that the case is that you can authenticate as your own user on my system, and this may very well have to do with permissions on each individual system. Anyway, the code I tested with: http://rafb.net/p/2svWsB16.html And the commands I ran: toxik@saga ~ $ ./pamtest sshd toxik Password: pam_acct_mgmt() failed: error 9, Authentication service cannot retrieve authentication info toxik@saga ~ $ ./pamtest sshd root Password: authentication error: Authentication failure toxik@saga ~ $ sudo ./pamtest sshd root Password: authentication error: Authentication failure toxik@saga ~ $ sudo ./pamtest sshd toxik Password: pam_acct_mgmt() failed: error 0, Success In short, yes, with pam_unix.so it does seem like you have to be root. Thank you, Ludvig Ericson. _______________________________________________ Pam-list mailing list Pam-list@xxxxxxxxxx https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/pam-list