I'm working on understanding how PAM works from the point of view of an application, in order to (hopefully soon) make use of it to build some server tools I have need of. Where I'm having trouble is in figuring out how to put together the conversation function. I know I need one, as the standard PAM password prompts won't work for POP3 (and a number of other standard TCP protocols), but all I've been able to find in the way of documentation is a listing of what data is passed to the function and how it's organized. I haven't been able to find a simple working example of a conversation function anywhere, and the example apps included with the PAM source don't make use of one. Can someone provide a simple example please? On a semi-related topic, does an app have to begin execution under a certain user ID in order to properly authenticate against the system password database? -kgd -- Money is overrated.