Also, with respect to your questions about how to deal with null passwords, here's my suggestion: - if the pw_passwd field is an empty string, then don't prompt the user for a password, just return success (if a password was provided, ignore it) - if the pw_passwd field is a crypted empty string, then you can't tell that it is the empty string and you must prompt for a password or check any provided password against the crypted password (the user must be allowed to provide an empty string as their password) - there should be a way for a system/domain's administrator to specify wether users can set their passwords to no password (empty string) or empty password (emtpy string, crypted) Nico This message contains confidential information and is intended only for the individual named. If you are not the named addressee you should not disseminate, distribute or copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender immediately by e-mail if you have received this e-mail by mistake and delete this e-mail from your system. E-mail transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error-free as information could be intercepted, corrupted, lost, destroyed, arrive late or incomplete, or contain viruses. The sender therefore does not accept liability for any errors or omissions in the contents of this message which arise as a result of e-mail transmission. If verification is required please request a hard-copy version. This message is provided for informational purposes and should not be construed as a solicitation or offer to buy or sell any securities or related financial instruments.