Thus if q = 160 bits, then r size is also 160 bits and s size is also 160
bits.
I used openssl:
$ openssl version
OpenSSL 3.0.14 4 Jun 2024 (Library: OpenSSL 3.0.14 4 Jun 2024)
and created a dsaparam file for 1024 bit key size and using that param
file, generated a dsakey.
$ openssl dsaparam -in dsaparam.pem -text -noout
DSA-Parameters: (1024 bit)
P:
00:89:8b:28:2d:ae:59:55:19:de:ef:79:a8:f0:f1:
44:39:b4:ee:32:fc:48:38:7e:bd:4a:d0:d7:ea:02:
b1:e8:12:65:d4:f9:3e:ef:bb:03:d6:85:33:91:fa:
a0:0f:88:96:a2:06:16:84:e6:6d:8c:41:ad:f7:ab:
51:59:44:5d:df:c6:06:66:08:51:2b:f5:3c:1e:02:
35:2a:78:1a:9b:7e:0c:d1:65:e6:0a:c5:63:ca:3a:
58:84:6b:ff:b8:4a:9a:b7:97:a0:3d:6b:ba:e4:02:
a9:97:fb:e8:98:4e:a4:42:8f:31:20:3d:31:50:31:
00:7a:b0:01:37:80:f6:f8:15
Q:
00:d5:eb:71:18:25:4e:6c:b9:e0:20:92:02:f4:86:
5f:d9:cd:66:cc:ff:89:33:86:54:c6:19:90:f5
G:
52:02:50:73:17:4f:12:35:f6:11:ed:c6:c1:b8:01:
b4:e5:cf:5f:05:a4:6b:f8:d4:a5:d9:3e:a9:7a:97:
f3:d2:db:28:4a:57:2e:a3:f4:a7:fc:16:65:75:9a:
5d:67:b0:a8:ac:43:21:24:53:48:23:e3:13:52:ce:
a3:b7:7e:85:b9:0f:51:e8:fe:32:16:12:82:16:44:
29:85:83:eb:8e:3e:dd:9c:38:49:de:da:44:85:d1:
31:01:20:c7:43:1f:30:3e:f3:a6:50:36:ee:e5:66:
1c:40:a2:ca:1d:39:78:a5:4a:4a:04:83:15:df:4a:
69:1c:d2:4f:ac:36:74:78
=======
Here the size of q is 28 bytes (ignore the leading 0x00 byte). so 28*8 =
224 bits.
I was expecting a q size of 160 bits, but here it is 224 bits. Why?
Using above param, I generated a dsa key.
Using that key, I created a self signed cert for testing purpose.
-------------
$ openssl x509 -in ./dsacert.pem -text -nooout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
2f:40:b1:22:44:be:69:bc:36:01:25:a7:d0:c3:5d:33:0d:21:cc:eb
Signature Algorithm: dsa_with_SHA256
Issuer: C = SG, ST = SG, L = Suntec, O = F5, OU = ES, CN =
www.dsa1024eg.com, emailAddress = mksarav@xxxxxxxxx
Validity
Not Before: Jul 23 16:53:09 2024 GMT
Not After : Aug 22 16:53:09 2024 GMT
Subject: C = SG, ST = SG, L = Suntec, O = F5, OU = ES, CN =
www.dsa1024eg.com, emailAddress = mksarav@xxxxxxxxx
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: dsaEncryption
Public-Key: (1024 bit)
pub:
0b:10:f8:f9:59:75:02:00:b3:b0:c7:4f:20:01:fe:
6b:6b:a0:1e:3c:44:b5:4c:e4:fb:16:39:1c:12:d8:
14:5d:ee:73:28:14:57:40:40:59:8f:37:54:7f:b8:
12:fd:55:5a:40:73:36:63:b7:1c:3f:39:87:76:56:
8b:8b:9c:df:41:a9:c6:56:ed:34:cb:5c:d2:db:55:
d4:37:d4:b1:59:25:b6:6a:7d:5c:61:9b:39:9a:6a:
a7:27:ac:2f:43:65:7f:53:76:bb:98:91:f0:f0:9c:
1d:99:88:43:44:4e:3c:c1:43:30:09:06:7b:c7:ad:
38:27:3a:6b:38:56:7e:38
P:
00:89:8b:28:2d:ae:59:55:19:de:ef:79:a8:f0:f1:
44:39:b4:ee:32:fc:48:38:7e:bd:4a:d0:d7:ea:02:
b1:e8:12:65:d4:f9:3e:ef:bb:03:d6:85:33:91:fa:
a0:0f:88:96:a2:06:16:84:e6:6d:8c:41:ad:f7:ab:
51:59:44:5d:df:c6:06:66:08:51:2b:f5:3c:1e:02:
35:2a:78:1a:9b:7e:0c:d1:65:e6:0a:c5:63:ca:3a:
58:84:6b:ff:b8:4a:9a:b7:97:a0:3d:6b:ba:e4:02:
a9:97:fb:e8:98:4e:a4:42:8f:31:20:3d:31:50:31:
00:7a:b0:01:37:80:f6:f8:15
Q:
00:d5:eb:71:18:25:4e:6c:b9:e0:20:92:02:f4:86:
5f:d9:cd:66:cc:ff:89:33:86:54:c6:19:90:f5
G:
52:02:50:73:17:4f:12:35:f6:11:ed:c6:c1:b8:01:
b4:e5:cf:5f:05:a4:6b:f8:d4:a5:d9:3e:a9:7a:97:
f3:d2:db:28:4a:57:2e:a3:f4:a7:fc:16:65:75:9a:
5d:67:b0:a8:ac:43:21:24:53:48:23:e3:13:52:ce:
a3:b7:7e:85:b9:0f:51:e8:fe:32:16:12:82:16:44:
29:85:83:eb:8e:3e:dd:9c:38:49:de:da:44:85:d1:
31:01:20:c7:43:1f:30:3e:f3:a6:50:36:ee:e5:66:
1c:40:a2:ca:1d:39:78:a5:4a:4a:04:83:15:df:4a:
69:1c:d2:4f:ac:36:74:78
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
2E:C6:63:46:C2:50:2C:24:9C:09:0F:2C:52:32:16:20:0B:B5:70:69
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
2E:C6:63:46:C2:50:2C:24:9C:09:0F:2C:52:32:16:20:0B:B5:70:69
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE
Signature Algorithm: dsa_with_SHA256
Signature Value:
r:
2e:89:a2:92:51:f1:a8:94:0a:46:44:d5:4b:2d:d4:
ce:3f:50:1a:52:92:57:3e:5a:52:13:00:3e
s:
2d:d7:fd:72:83:2a:27:1a:2a:72:c6:ad:68:10:9a:
a0:26:00:27:fa:68:18:6e:58:81:01:60:68
-----------------
Here the r and s size are 28 = 28*8 = 224 bits which is same size as q size
as expected (here q size = 224 bits) since it is a self-signed cert.
But my question is why q is not 160 bits but instead 224 bits was used by
openssl since the FIPS 186 standard clearly says to use q size 160 bits for
p size 1024 bits?
Can someone familiar with the topic, clarify my doubt please? Maybe I
missed some fine points in the standard.
Sorry if my question looks stupid and basic, I am just trying to learn
cryptography on my own by reading books, watching professors lecture online
and self experimentation.
with regards,
M K Saravanan
--000000000000b8a70a061e00809e
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<div dir=3D"ltr"><span id=3D"gmail-docs-internal-guid-86e6d8cf-7fff-c8a0-4d=
08-cabf983784f7"><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;ma=
rgin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif=
;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;=
font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-alig=
n:baseline">Hi,</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;marg=
in-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Ari=
al,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-nu=
meric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;=
vertical-align:baseline">I am trying to learn how DSA works by reading the =
book "Understanding Cryptography" by Christof Paar and=C2=A0 Jan =
Pelzl.</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0p=
t;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-s=
erif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:nor=
mal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-=
align:baseline">I also understand that DSA is now deprecated as per FIPS 18=
6-5 (Feb, 2023) and ECDSA is preferred.</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"l=
ine-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transpa=
rent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-varian=
t-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">However just for learning purp=
ose I was experimenting with DSA param generation, key generation and cert =
generation using openssl.</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height=
:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-=
family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-=
variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternat=
es:normal;vertical-align:baseline">As per the book, the recommended size fo=
r p and q values are:</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.3=
8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-fami=
ly:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-vari=
ant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:n=
ormal;vertical-align:baseline">p =3D 1024 bits, q =3D 160 bits</span></p><p=
dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);b=
ackground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-a=
sian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">p =3D 2=
048 bits, q =3D 224 bits</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38=
;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-famil=
y:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-varia=
nt-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:no=
rmal;vertical-align:baseline">p =3D 3072 bits, q =3D 256 bits.</span></p><b=
r><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Fro=
m the book, I also understand that the length of the DSA signature r and s =
size will be the same as q size.</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-hei=
ght:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;fo=
nt-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;fo=
nt-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alter=
nates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Thus if q =3D 160 bits, then r size i=
s also 160 bits and s size is also 160 bits.</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=
=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:tr=
ansparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-v=
ariant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">I used openssl:</span></p=
><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:=
0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0=
,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant=
-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=
$ openssl version</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin=
-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial=
,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-nume=
ric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;ve=
rtical-align:baseline">OpenSSL 3.0.14 4 Jun 2024 (Library: OpenSSL 3.0.14 4=
Jun 2024)</span></p><br><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margi=
n-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Aria=
l,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-num=
eric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;v=
ertical-align:baseline">and created a dsaparam file for 1024 bit key size a=
nd using that param file, generated a dsakey.</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" =
style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-col=
or:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;f=
ont-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">$ openssl dsaparam -=
in dsaparam.pem -text -noout</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:=
1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-f=
amily:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-v=
ariant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternate=
s:normal;vertical-align:baseline">DSA-Parameters: (1024 bit)</span></p><p d=
ir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);bac=
kground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asi=
an:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">P:</span>=
</p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0=
pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,=
0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-=
east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A000:89:8b:28:2d:ae:59:55:19:de:ef:79:a8:f0:f1:</span=
></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:=
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=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A000:7a:b0:01:37:80:f6:f8:15</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr"=
style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D=
"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-co=
lor:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;=
font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Q:</span></p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span =
style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backg=
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=A0=C2=A0=C2=A000:d5:eb:71:18:25:4e:6c:b9:e0:20:92:02:f4:86:</span></p><p d=
ir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);bac=
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an:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=
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:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">G:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
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st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0b4:e5:cf:5f:05:a4:6b:f8:d4:a5:d9:3e:a9:7a:97:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0f3:d2:db:28:4a:57:2e:a3:f4:a7:fc:16:65:75:9a:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A05d:67:b0:a8:ac:43:21:24:53:48:23:e3:13:52:ce:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0a3:b7:7e:85:b9:0f:51:e8:fe:32:16:12:82:16:44:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A029:85:83:eb:8e:3e:dd:9c:38:49:de:da:44:85:d1:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A031:01:20:c7:43:1f:30:3e:f3:a6:50:36:ee:e5:66:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A01c:40:a2:ca:1d:39:78:a5:4a:4a:04:83:15:df:4a:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A069:1c:d2:4f:ac:36:74:78</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" s=
tyle=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-colo=
r:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;fo=
nt-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-b=
ottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color=
:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-v=
ariant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:base=
line">Here the size of q is 28 bytes (ignore the leading 0x00 byte). so 28*=
8 =3D 224 bits.=C2=A0</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.3=
8;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-fami=
ly:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weig=
ht:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-vari=
ant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">I was expecting a q size of =
160 bits, but here it is 224 bits.=C2=A0 Why?</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" =
style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-col=
or:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;f=
ont-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Using above param, I=
generated a dsa key.</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;ma=
rgin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:A=
rial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-=
numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:norma=
l;vertical-align:baseline">Using that key, I created a self signed cert for=
testing purpose.=C2=A0</span></p><br><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-heig=
ht:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;fon=
t-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;fon=
t-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-altern=
ates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">-------------</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr"=
style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D=
"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-co=
lor:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;=
font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">$ openssl x509 -in =
./dsacert.pem -text -nooout</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1=
.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-fa=
mily:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-va=
riant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates=
:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Certificate:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" styl=
e=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font=
-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:t=
ransparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-=
variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
Data:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;mar=
gin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;=
color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;f=
ont-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align=
:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Version: 3 (0x2)=
</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-b=
ottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color=
:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-v=
ariant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:base=
line">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Serial Number:</span>=
</p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0=
pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,=
0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-=
east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A02f:=
40:b1:22:44:be:69:bc:36:01:25:a7:d0:c3:5d:33:0d:21:cc:eb</span></p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span =
style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backg=
round-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian=
:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Signature Algorithm: dsa_with_SHA256=
</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-b=
ottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color=
:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-v=
ariant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:base=
line">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Issuer: C =3D SG, ST =
=3D SG, L =3D Suntec, O =3D F5, OU =3D ES, CN =3D <a href=3D"http://www.dsa=
1024eg.com">www.dsa1024eg.com</a>, emailAddress =3D <a href=3D"mailto:mksar=
av@xxxxxxxxx">mksarav@xxxxxxxxx</a></span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-=
height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt=
;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent=
;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-al=
ternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Validity</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;=
margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family=
:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-varian=
t-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:nor=
mal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Not Before: Jul 23 16:53:09 2024 GMT</span></p><=
p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><=
span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);=
background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-=
asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Not After=
: Aug 22 16:53:09 2024 GMT</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1=
.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-fa=
mily:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-va=
riant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates=
:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0Subject: C =3D SG, ST =3D SG, L =3D Suntec, O =3D F5, OU =3D ES, CN =
=3D <a href=3D"http://www.dsa1024eg.com";>www.dsa1024eg.com</a>, emailAddres=
s =3D <a href=3D"mailto:mksarav@xxxxxxxxx";>mksarav@xxxxxxxxx</a></span></p>=
<p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">=
<span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0)=
;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east=
-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Subject Public Key Info:</span=
></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:=
0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0=
,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant=
-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Pub=
lic Key Algorithm: dsaEncryption</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-hei=
ght:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;fo=
nt-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;fo=
nt-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alter=
nates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Public-Key: (10=
24 bit)</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;m=
argin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-seri=
f;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal=
;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0pub:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"=
line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size=
:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transp=
arent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-varia=
nt-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A00b:10:f8:f9:59:75:02:00:b3:b0:c7:4f:20:01:fe:</span></p><=
p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><=
span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);=
background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-=
asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A06b:6b:a0:1e:3c:44:b5:4c:e4:fb:16:39:=
1c:12:d8:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt=
;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-se=
rif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:norm=
al;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-a=
lign:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A014:5d:ee:73:28:=
14:57:40:40:59:8f:37:54:7f:b8:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-heigh=
t:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font=
-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font=
-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alterna=
tes:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A012:fd:55:5a:40:73:36:63:b7:1c:3f:39:87:76:56:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr=
" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=
=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background=
-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:norm=
al;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A08b:8b:9c:df:41:a9:c6:56:ed:34:cb:5c:d2:db:55:=
</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-b=
ottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color=
:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-v=
ariant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:base=
line">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0d4:37:d4:b1:59:25:b6:6a:=
7d:5c:61:9b:39:9a:6a:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;ma=
rgin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:A=
rial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-=
numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:norma=
l;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0a7:=
27:ac:2f:43:65:7f:53:76:bb:98:91:f0:f0:9c:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=
=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:tr=
ansparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-v=
ariant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A01d:99:88:43:44:4e:3c:c1:43:30:09:06:7b:c7:ad:</span></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-ea=
st-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=
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><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"=
><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0=
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size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:tr=
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p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,=
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=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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85:33:91:fa:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:=
0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans=
-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:n=
ormal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertica=
l-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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a2:06:16:84:e6:6d:8c:41:ad:f7:ab:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-he=
ight:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;f=
ont-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;f=
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e=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backgroun=
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</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-b=
ottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color=
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line">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:norma=
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97:fb:e8:98:4e:a4:42:8f:31:20:3d:31:50:31:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=
=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:tr=
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yle=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"fo=
nt-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color=
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t-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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Q:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin=
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or:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font=
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seline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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6c:b9:e0:20:92:02:f4:86:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38=
;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-famil=
y:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-varia=
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rmal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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5f:d9:cd:66:cc:ff:89:33:86:54:c6:19:90:f5</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D=
"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:trans=
parent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-vari=
ant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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an></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-botto=
m:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb=
(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-varia=
nt-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline=
">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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11:ed:c6:c1:b8:01:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margi=
n-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Aria=
l,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-num=
eric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;v=
ertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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cf:5f:05:a4:6b:f8:d4:a5:d9:3e:a9:7a:97:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"l=
ine-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transpa=
rent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-varian=
t-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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ir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);bac=
kground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asi=
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52:ce:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;ma=
rgin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif=
;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;=
font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-alig=
n:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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51:e8:fe:32:16:12:82:16:44:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1=
.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-fa=
mily:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-va=
riant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates=
:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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=A029:85:83:eb:8e:3e:dd:9c:38:49:de:da:44:85:d1:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" s=
tyle=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-colo=
r:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;fo=
nt-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:=
0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0=
,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant=
-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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04:83:15:df:4a:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-t=
op:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,s=
ans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeri=
c:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vert=
ical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A069:1c:d2:=
4f:ac:36:74:78</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-to=
p:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sa=
ns-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric=
:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;verti=
cal-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0X509v3 =
extensions:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0=
pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-=
serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:no=
rmal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical=
-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" styl=
e=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font=
-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:t=
ransparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-=
variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A02E:=
C6:63:46:C2:50:2C:24:9C:09:0F:2C:52:32:16:20:0B:B5:70:69</span></p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span =
style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backg=
round-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian=
:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0X509v3 Autho=
rity Key Identifier:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;mar=
gin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Ar=
ial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-n=
umeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal=
;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A02E:C6:63:46:C2:50:2C:24:9C:=
09:0F:2C:52:32:16:20:0B:B5:70:69</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-hei=
ght:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;fo=
nt-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;fo=
nt-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alter=
nates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical</spa=
n></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom=
:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(=
0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-varian=
t-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"=
>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0CA:TRUE</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-heig=
ht:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;fon=
t-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;fon=
t-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-altern=
ates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Signature Algo=
rithm: dsa_with_SHA256</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;m=
argin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:=
Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant=
-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:norm=
al;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-colo=
r:transparent;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east=
-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Signa=
ture Value:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0=
pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-=
serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-va=
riant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates=
:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0r:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;=
margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-ser=
if;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-varia=
nt-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:no=
rmal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A02e:89:a2:92:51:f1:a8:94:0a:46:44:d5:4b:2d:d4:</s=
pan></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bott=
om:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rg=
b(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:=
normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertic=
al-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0ce:3f:50:1a:52:92:57:3e:5a:52:13:00:3e</span></p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span =
style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backg=
round-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-va=
riant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:basel=
ine">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0s:</span></p><p dir=3D=
"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span sty=
le=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backgrou=
nd-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-varia=
nt-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline=
">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A02=
d:d7:fd:72:83:2a:27:1a:2a:72:c6:ad:68:10:9a:</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=
=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:tr=
ansparent;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asi=
an:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0a0:26:00:27:=
fa:68:18:6e:58:81:01:60:68</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.=
38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-fam=
ily:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-var=
iant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:=
normal;vertical-align:baseline">-----------------</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" =
style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-col=
or:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;f=
ont-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Here the r and s siz=
e are 28 =3D 28*8 =3D 224 bits which is same size as q size as expected (he=
re q size =3D 224 bits) since it is a self-signed cert.</span></p><br><p di=
r=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span=
style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);back=
ground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asia=
n:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">But=C2=A0 =
my question is why q is not 160 bits but instead 224 bits was used by opens=
sl since the FIPS 186 standard clearly says to use q size 160 bits for p si=
ze 1024 bits?</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin=
-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial=
,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-nume=
ric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;ve=
rtical-align:baseline">Can someone familiar with the topic, clarify my doub=
t please? Maybe I missed some fine points in the standard.</span></p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span =
style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backg=
round-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian=
:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span>=
</p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span st=
yle=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backgro=
und-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:n=
ormal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Sorry if my q=
uestion looks stupid and basic, I am just trying to learn cryptography on m=
y own by reading books, watching professors lecture online and self experi=
mentation.</span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bot=
tom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:r=
gb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-var=
iant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseli=
ne"><br></span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-botto=
m:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb=
(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-varia=
nt-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline=
">with regards,</span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margi=
n-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;co=
lor:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;fon=
t-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:b=
aseline">M K Saravanan</span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0p=
t;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-s=
erif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:nor=
mal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-=
align:baseline"><br></span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;=
margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-ser=
if;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:norma=
l;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-al=
ign:baseline"><br></span></p><br><br><br></span></div>
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