Hi Subbu, ...snip,,, >> __pa only works on kernel direct addresses. >> >> __pa doesn't work on the addresses from vmalloc >> >> Using __pa on VMALLOC_START or VMALLOC_END doesn't really make sense. >> If there were any physical memory there, it would be highmem. >> > Okay, but my intention was to just print out the pa for the VMALLOC_START > and END, just to know where they are. > And I thought they will work. no? You'll get some numbers, but they're meaningless. Let's take a concrete example (using ARM mappings) Suppose your machine has 1 GB of RAM with a physical addresses of 0x40000000 thru 0x7FFFFFFF Let's suppose that PHYS_OFFSET = 0xC0000000 Let's suppose that VMALLOC_START is set to 0xE0000000 and VMALLOC_END is at 0xEFFFFFFF (256 Mb) So what we have is that memory from 0xC0000000 thru 0xDFFFFFFF (512 Mb) is kernel direct mapped memory and maps to physical addresses 0x40000000 thru 0x5FFFFFFF Physical memory from 0x60000000 thru 0x7FFFFFFF (512Mb) is considered high-mem. For the most part this is only usable by user-space. From kernel space, you need to use the kmap/kunmap functions to even access the memory. If you use __pa(VMALLOC_START) you'll ALWAYS (with the above example) get 0xE0000000. Calling __pa(VMALLOC_END) would return 0xEFFFFFFF which is some address from the middle of high-memory, essentially a meaningless number. However, if you call vmalloc and lets suppose that vmalloc just happens to return 0xE0000000. The physical address of the first page might be 0xD2345000. What's important is that the physical pages which back up the vmalloc area all come from the kernel direct mapped area. They won't ever be backed by pages from high-memory. So the physical addresses will all be in the range 0x40000000 thru 0x5FFFFFFF. You can use vmalloc_to_pfn to return the PFN of the page which is backing a vmalloc'd virtual address. (if the physical address of 0xE0000000 was 0xD2345000, then the pfn would be 0xD2345, assuming 4K pages). -- Dave Hylands Shuswap, BC, Canada http://www.davehylands.com _______________________________________________ Kernelnewbies mailing list Kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies
