The problem has been resolved by recovering an old .config file, which once was deleted with the old kernel. I think this problem has not to do with 'NTFS' options anywhere, but improper configrations of kernel. The steps are as follows: step 1. Copy the old .config to /boot/config-2.6.34. This .config is from the old 2.6.25 kernel source directory. step 2. Enter the new 2.6.34 kernel source directory, then 'make clean && make mrproper' to clean the directory. step 3. 'make menuconfig' to select NTFS options. step 4. 'make && make modules_install', then copy arch/x86/boot/bzImage to /boot and modify /boot/grub/menu.lst. step 5. Reboot successfully. However, I have a further questions about the old .config file. At step 1, I didn't copy the old .config into the new 2.6.34 kernel source directory, and then 'make oldconfig' to activate old configurations. The only place where the old .config exists is /boot. At step 3, how can 'make' find the old .config file? _______________________________________________ Kernelnewbies mailing list Kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies