as a followup to my earlier note, i was checking on the implementation of the access_ok() routine which checks the validity of user-space access from the kernel and, for x86_64, it's defined as: #define access_ok(type, addr, size) \ (likely(__range_not_ok(addr, size) == 0)) as you can see, the "type" arg is unused in the macro definition, and that's normally where you would expect to find either VERIFY_READ or VERIFY_WRITE. i perused that macro for all other architectures and it seems that that first argument is entirely unused these days. is that just historical leftovers? or am i missing something? rday -- ======================================================================== Robert P. J. Day Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA Linux Consulting, Training and Annoying Kernel Pedantry. Web page: http://crashcourse.ca Twitter: http://twitter.com/rpjday ======================================================================== -- To unsubscribe from this list: send an email with "unsubscribe kernelnewbies" to ecartis@xxxxxxxxxxxx Please read the FAQ at http://kernelnewbies.org/FAQ