Dear all: I am porting kernel on my arm platform and I wrote a userspace program, hello world. But I cannot see the "hello world". my environment is: 1. uclinux.dist 2008 2. and I put my source code under user and compile it. 3. I use arm-linux-2006 to compile kernel 4. I use arm-linux-2007 to compile my hello world. what I have done: 1. rewrite the 8250 uart driver such that I can see <6>console [ttyS0] enabled 2. At the end of register_console, I can see the log content shown on my uart when calling release_console_sem, which ask call_console_drivers to show everything in logbuffer. 3. My dev looks like below: crw------- 1 root root 5, 1 2009-01-30 14:14 console lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2009-01-30 14:14 fd -> /proc/self/fd brw-r--r-- 1 root root 1, 0 2009-01-30 14:17 ram0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2009-01-30 14:16 stderr -> fd/2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2009-01-30 14:15 stdin -> fd/0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2009-01-30 14:15 stdout -> fd/1 crw-r--r-- 1 root root 5, 0 2009-01-30 14:14 tty crw------- 1 root root 4, 0 2009-01-30 14:14 tty0 crw------- 1 root root 4, 1 2009-01-30 14:14 tty1 crw------- 1 root root 4, 64 2009-01-30 14:14 ttyS0 4. After opening DBG_FLT in binfmt_flat.c, I can see message below. p=83d6fffc start_thread(regs=0x83c15ef8, entry=0x83d60044, start_stack=0x83d6ffb0) my questions are: a. from 1 2 above, can I boldly say my console driver for output is ready? (My uart read function is not finished yet, since my irq# has some problem, but I don't think this affect the printf to output message on the console) b. Do I miss any necessary nodes in dev from 3. c. From 4, can I say my hello has been executed? d. in uclibc, _stdio.c, there are 3 _stdio_streams[] receiving the printf messages. But how do they direct to the kernel, such that kernel can put them on the console? e. How do people usually debug flat file which running in userspace? f. Where is the entry of kernel that receive the message passed by printf? If I know where it is, may be I can check whether printf did pass the message to kernel. thanks for your help, miloody -- To unsubscribe from this list: send an email with "unsubscribe kernelnewbies" to ecartis@xxxxxxxxxxxx Please read the FAQ at http://kernelnewbies.org/FAQ