Hi, all In <Understanding the Linux Kernel>, there are following descriptions about swapped-out page: Because a page may belong to the address spaces of several processes, it may be swapped out from the address space of one process and still remain in main memory; therefore, it is possible to swap out the same page several times. A page is physically swapped out and stored just once, of course, but each subsequent attempt to swap it out increases the swap_map counter. My doubt is that when a page is physically swapped out and stored in swap area and when a page may have been swapped out from the address space of one process but still remain in main memory? Best regards! -- National Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences -- To unsubscribe from this list: send an email with "unsubscribe kernelnewbies" to ecartis@xxxxxxxxxxxx Please read the FAQ at http://kernelnewbies.org/FAQ