I am trying the following kernel module in Ubuntu-6.06 LTS. I am using
the kernel that came along with Ubuntu.
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
static int __init helloinit(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT, "[helloinit1]\n");
printk("[helloinit2]\n");
return 0;
}
static void __exit helloexit(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT, "[helloexit1]\n");
printk("[helloexit2]\n");
}
module_init(helloinit);
module_exit(helloexit);
After compiling it with 'make', I 'insmod' it and then 'rmmod' it
twice. The last few lines of /var/log/kern.log are as follows:-
Dec 11 23:14:40 localhost kernel: [4295711.583000] <1><1>[helloinit2]
Dec 11 23:14:45 localhost kernel: [4298099.296000] [helloexit2]
Dec 11 23:15:22 localhost kernel: [4298136.092000] [helloinit2]
Dec 11 23:15:27 localhost kernel: [4298141.000000] [helloexit2]
1. According to LKMPG '[helloinit1]' and '[helloexit1]' should have
been printed. Why weren't they printed. Instead the <1> (KERN_ALERT)
was printed. Here are all the macro defintions in my Ubuntu box:-
smith@smithbox:~/kernel/exp$ grep "define"
/usr/src/linux-headers-`uname -r`/include/linux/kernel.h | grep
"KERN_"
#define KERN_EMERG "<0>" /* system is unusable */
#define KERN_ALERT "<1>" /* action must be taken immediately */
#define KERN_CRIT "<2>" /* critical conditions */
#define KERN_ERR "<3>" /* error conditions */
#define KERN_WARNING "<4>" /* warning conditions */
#define KERN_NOTICE "<5>" /* normal but significant condition */
#define KERN_INFO "<6>" /* informational */
#define KERN_DEBUG "<7>" /* debug-level messages */
smith@smithbox:~/kernel/exp$ grep "int printk("
/usr/src/linux-headers-`uname -r`/include/linux/kernel.h
asmlinkage int printk(const char * fmt, ...)
static inline int printk(const char *s, ...)
static inline int printk(const char *s, ...) { return 0; }
Why aren't '[helloinit1]' and '[helloexit1]' getting printed?
2. According to the sequence of statements, the output should have been:-
<1>[helloinit2]
<1>[helloexit2]
<1>[helloinit2]
<1>[helloexit2]
But the output instead is:-
<1><1>[helloinit2]
[helloexit2]
[helloinit2]
[helloexit2]
Why?
- Smith
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