Hi, All ! int netlink_broadcast(struct sock *ssk, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 pid, u32 group, int allocation); What does the pid mean? Someone said that it is the pid of the receiver. For example, Kevin He said it delivers a netlink message to both the process specified by pid and the multicast groups specified by group (http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7356.) But, in function do_one_broadcast() which is called in netlink_broadcast(), there are some sentences like this: 744 struct netlink_opt *nlk = nlk_sk(sk); 750 if (nlk->pid == p->pid || !(nlk->groups & p->group)) 751 goto out; where p is a variable constructed from parameters of netlink_broadcast(). I think these sentences mean that the parameter pid of netlink_broadcast() is the sender's pid? Am I right? Thanks ! Regard, Cheng -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/