Hi, all Since the progress in kernel mode can access the whole address space, why we must copy the user-space data into kernel space? Why can't we dereference the user-space pointer directly? Thanks, Regards, Cheng -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/