On 11/10/05, Devendra S. Mahra <devendra.sm@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > can anyone plz explain the difference between these three : > > 1. Seperate Kernel Seperate kernel means ? there must be a single kernel present/running in OS at any time ! > 2. OS function executing within user processes. These are the System Calls, which executes OS functions on the behalf of the user process request. Like user issues a read/write command on the storage etc ... > 3. OS functions executing as seperate processes. > This you can say the OS services running for OS management puposes ! Like Scheduler/Process Management .... You can consider threads in Linux kernel as a OS function executing as seperate process ! > Please give example of some real operating system for each approach > respectively . What approach does linux kernel follow out of these ? > Is this your assignment or homework to do ? I don't think they are different things now-a-days as I mentioned with examples that 2 and 3 are in the Linux Kernel and also in Windows Kernel ! And 1 is not clear (atleast to me !) -- Fawad Lateef -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/