On Tue, 14 Jun 2005, Jim Cromie wrote: > IIUC, only fork sets up the new process with COW-able pages, which may > or may not be copied-on-write, dependent upon whether a write happens to > a given page. There's an additional source for COW pages: MAP_PRIVATE mmap of files, especially shared libraries. When an application maps a shared library, this is done with a writable MAP_PRIVATE mmap. This means that the application can write to the mmaped region, but the writes will not be written back to the file. Instead, the writes will go to a private copy of the page that was dirtied. A COW page... -- "Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place. Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by definition, not smart enough to debug it." - Brian W. Kernighan -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/