In TLDP tutorial about the kernel, it is saying that all shell commands except cd and pwd are binary executables. If cd and pwd are not so, then what are they?? NB: Mail server was down yesterday :-( . If someone had replied for this pls do resend it. -- With regards, Jagadeesh Bhaskar P R&D Engineer HCL Infosystems Ltd Pondicherry -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/