Hi, I am not sure how the reference counter can protect the data by just checking the number of usage. For example, one thread gets the object and increases the counter, while another can get the same object at the same time. If there is no locking, how can the reference counter solve the race contention. Or may be I missed some important part. Thanks. LML -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/