i was going through the "understanding linux kernel" and i was wondering that how the kernel or the device driver choose the method for IO. is there any rule of thumb by which it decides whether it should go for DMA or programmed IO. i m pretty confused .. please help me out ? anand ------------------------------------------------- This mail sent through IMP: http://horde.org/imp/ -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/