In chapter 3 of Linux Device Drivers 2nd Edition it says An open device is identified internally by a file structure, and the kernel uses the file_operations structure to access the driver's functions. My first question would be, when it says " identified internally by a file structure", is is refering to *the* file structure, as in "struct file", or is it refering to the file_operations structure? So basicly if it was refering to the file_operations structure the statement would expand to "An open device is identified internally by the file_operations structure, and the kernel uses the file_operations structure to access the driver's functions." So which one are they refering to? Also, since I dont seem to understand the basic workings of either, could somebody give me a quick overview of both, describing it in a diffrent way then LDD did. I appolagize for these questions as I didnt know how to word the quite properly. Thanks -Dan Erickson- -ColdOneKnight@rogers.com- -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/