As the kernel address space in the new linux kernels spans the entire 0 to 4 GB, still why do we need to do copy_to_user or copy_from user ? The kernel code can very well access the user data without using the above functions. Then why do we still have those functions ? --Amit __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Buy the perfect holiday gifts at Yahoo! Shopping. http://shopping.yahoo.com -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ IRC Channel: irc.openprojects.net / #kernelnewbies Web Page: http://www.kernelnewbies.org/