Thank you so much for this example. It is very clear and useful. I will try this out on my system and see if the inconsistent behavior is still there. Just wondering, what is the reason you decided to use udev rule to trigger the service, instead of a script in /etc/network/if-up.d/ or /etc/networkd-dispatcher/? > > /etc/udev/rules.d/99-nftables-netdev.rules > ---- > SUBSYSTEM=="net", KERNEL=="enp1s0f0", ACTION=="add", ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS}+="nftables-netdev@enp1s0f0.service"