Hi *, I will leave a small update here as I have found a working solution for my needs of an active/standby firewall providing also SNAT for clients. I've ended up with `net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1` and a SNAT rule which is active on booth firewalls, and using conntrackd with ``` Sync { Mode FTFW { DisableExternalCache on } ``` to inject connection directly into the backup peer. /* I have tested with the defaults from the source-directory but had no luck with SNAT connections. The first failover worked /most/ of the time, but a second failover mostly resulted in minutes of nothing, till wget tried it again... I experimented with explicit flushing and dropping of connections on the old master peer, but in the end `DisableExternalCache on` seams to just work without any hassle or tuning. */ Failover is handled with keepalived, but I assume that the default failover script provided via the source directory, contains tasks which are not needed when using FTFW with `DisableExternalCache on`? Maybe my assumption is wrong, but `-c` "commit the external cache into the kernel table" does nothing as there is no external cache anymore. Why `-f` "flush the internal and the external cache" exists I simple do not know. `-R` "resync"; see `-c`... `-B` "send a bulk update to backups" still makes sense.. Is it correct that for FTFW with `DisableExternalCache on` the transition to MASTER only needs `-f` and `-B`? The transition to BACKUP using `-t` and `-n` would be left unchanged, correct? A (striped down) modified excerpt from conntrack-tools-1.4.3/doc/sync/primary-backup.sh: ``` MASTER) conntrackd -C "${CONNTRACKD_CONFIG}" -c conntrackd -C "${CONNTRACKD_CONFIG}" -f conntrackd -C "${CONNTRACKD_CONFIG}" -R conntrackd -C "${CONNTRACKD_CONFIG}" -B ;; BACKUP) conntrackd -C "${CONNTRACKD_CONFIG}" -t conntrackd -C "${CONNTRACKD_CONFIG}" -n ;; ``` I don't know the reason for it or if it is even an issue; on ~300K connections created over ~24h I see ~ 700 failed. But did not get any complains from users on this test-network. I have tested/performed multiple failover, over hours to provoke "issues". Thanks again, Bernd