We have some good news on this front. In tracing the path of IPSec packets (we are using FreeS/WAN with iptables) through netfilter, we found we had misunderstood the (very good) FreeS/WAN documentation. We thought we did not have access to the unencrypted packet in the nat table. We were wrong and that is good news. When the ISCS project is released (http://iscs.sourceforge.net), we will have a product where with the click of a mouse button and a few keystrokes, an admin should be able to enable communication among networks that contain conflicting IP subnets, i.e., two different subnets with the same network address. It looks like it is working flawlessly and statefully (as opposed to when we implemented this with iproute2 nat). Of course, the admin will also have to deal with the DNS issues but that's a different matter :-) However, this still does not resolve the original issue. We continue to see that, when using iproute2 NAT, there is no entry in ip_conntrack until the rule is matched using the NAT address but the ip_conntrack table then records the source as the original address and the reply packets cannot be matched (since they are using the NAT address as the destination!). This is no longer a critical issue for us but does anyone have any idea why this happens? -- John A. Sullivan III Chief Technology Officer Nexus Management +1 207-985-7880 john.sullivan@xxxxxxxxxxxxx