Hi, this is a mostly complete answer to my own question. Last week, I wrote: > mplayer displays subtitles from a .srt file just fine when I watch a > film, however when I use the 'png' output, the subtitles disappear. > Is that expected? (why?) Short answer: It's expected. The 'png' and 'jpeg' output drivers specifically disable (don't implement) on-screen-display (osd). Long answer: In the source tree, there's a directory of '-vo' drivers, libvo/. Each driver has a function called 'draw_osd()'. In some drivers, such as vo_x11.c and vo_svga.c, the function has a non-empty body which draws the subtitles. Viewing the video with -vo x11 lets me see subtitles. Hacking vo_x11.c to remove the draw_osd() body makes the subtitles disappear. Enough evidence for my purposes. In other drivers, such as vo_png.c and vo_jpeg.c, the function is empty. So it looks like they were never intended to show subtitles. Slightly unexpected design decision, but it looks deliberate. If this is documented somewhere, then I missed it. Section 8 ("Video output devices") of the manual doesn't mention the png video output device at all. > (Originally, I was trying to 'burn' subtitles into the video stream, > using > > mencoder -sub subtitle.srt -o with_subtitles.avi -oac copy -ovc lavc film.avi Retrospectively, I realise it's not clear from my first post that the above mencoder command line actually produces the intended results. For the record: it doesn't work on older versions of mencoder, such as 1.0rc2-4.2.4, but it does work on, e.g., MEncoder SVN-r29857-4.3.4. Matt