The patch titled
vmscan: second chance replacement for anonymous pages
has been added to the -mm tree. Its filename is
vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages.patch
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The current -mm tree may be found at http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/mmotm/
------------------------------------------------------
Subject: vmscan: second chance replacement for anonymous pages
From: Rik van Riel <riel@xxxxxxxxxx>
We avoid evicting and scanning anonymous pages for the most part, but
under some workloads we can end up with most of memory filled with
anonymous pages. At that point, we suddenly need to clear the referenced
bits on all of memory, which can take ages on very large memory systems.
We can reduce the maximum number of pages that need to be scanned by not
taking the referenced state into account when deactivating an anonymous
page. After all, every anonymous page starts out referenced, so why
check?
If an anonymous page gets referenced again before it reaches the end of
the inactive list, we move it back to the active list.
To keep the maximum amount of necessary work reasonable, we scale the
active to inactive ratio with the size of memory, using the formula
active:inactive ratio = sqrt(memory in GB * 10).
Kswapd CPU use now seems to scale by the amount of pageout bandwidth,
instead of by the amount of memory present in the system.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/mm_inline.h | 19 +++++++++++++
include/linux/mmzone.h | 6 ++++
mm/page_alloc.c | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
mm/vmscan.c | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
mm/vmstat.c | 6 ++--
5 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
diff -puN include/linux/mm_inline.h~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages include/linux/mm_inline.h
--- a/include/linux/mm_inline.h~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages
+++ a/include/linux/mm_inline.h
@@ -117,4 +117,23 @@ static inline enum lru_list page_lru(str
return lru;
}
+/**
+ * inactive_anon_is_low - check if anonymous pages need to be deactivated
+ * @zone: zone to check
+ *
+ * Returns true if the zone does not have enough inactive anon pages,
+ * meaning some active anon pages need to be deactivated.
+ */
+static inline int inactive_anon_is_low(struct zone *zone)
+{
+ unsigned long active, inactive;
+
+ active = zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_ANON);
+ inactive = zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
+
+ if (inactive * zone->inactive_ratio < active)
+ return 1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
#endif
diff -puN include/linux/mmzone.h~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages include/linux/mmzone.h
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages
+++ a/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -323,6 +323,12 @@ struct zone {
*/
int prev_priority;
+ /*
+ * The target ratio of ACTIVE_ANON to INACTIVE_ANON pages on
+ * this zone's LRU. Maintained by the pageout code.
+ */
+ unsigned int inactive_ratio;
+
ZONE_PADDING(_pad2_)
/* Rarely used or read-mostly fields */
diff -puN mm/page_alloc.c~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages mm/page_alloc.c
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages
+++ a/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -4194,6 +4194,46 @@ void setup_per_zone_pages_min(void)
calculate_totalreserve_pages();
}
+/**
+ * setup_per_zone_inactive_ratio - called when min_free_kbytes changes.
+ *
+ * The inactive anon list should be small enough that the VM never has to
+ * do too much work, but large enough that each inactive page has a chance
+ * to be referenced again before it is swapped out.
+ *
+ * The inactive_anon ratio is the target ratio of ACTIVE_ANON to
+ * INACTIVE_ANON pages on this zone's LRU, maintained by the
+ * pageout code. A zone->inactive_ratio of 3 means 3:1 or 25% of
+ * the anonymous pages are kept on the inactive list.
+ *
+ * total target max
+ * memory ratio inactive anon
+ * -------------------------------------
+ * 10MB 1 5MB
+ * 100MB 1 50MB
+ * 1GB 3 250MB
+ * 10GB 10 0.9GB
+ * 100GB 31 3GB
+ * 1TB 101 10GB
+ * 10TB 320 32GB
+ */
+void setup_per_zone_inactive_ratio(void)
+{
+ struct zone *zone;
+
+ for_each_zone(zone) {
+ unsigned int gb, ratio;
+
+ /* Zone size in gigabytes */
+ gb = zone->present_pages >> (30 - PAGE_SHIFT);
+ ratio = int_sqrt(10 * gb);
+ if (!ratio)
+ ratio = 1;
+
+ zone->inactive_ratio = ratio;
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Initialise min_free_kbytes.
*
@@ -4231,6 +4271,7 @@ static int __init init_per_zone_pages_mi
min_free_kbytes = 65536;
setup_per_zone_pages_min();
setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
+ setup_per_zone_inactive_ratio();
return 0;
}
module_init(init_per_zone_pages_min)
diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages
+++ a/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -1090,17 +1090,32 @@ static void shrink_active_list(unsigned
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_ANON, -pgmoved);
spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
+ pgmoved = 0;
while (!list_empty(&l_hold)) {
cond_resched();
page = lru_to_page(&l_hold);
list_del(&page->lru);
- if (page_referenced(page, 0, sc->mem_cgroup))
- list_add(&page->lru, &l_active);
- else
+ if (page_referenced(page, 0, sc->mem_cgroup)) {
+ pgmoved++;
+ if (file) {
+ /* Referenced file pages stay active. */
+ list_add(&page->lru, &l_active);
+ } else {
+ /* Anonymous pages always get deactivated. */
+ list_add(&page->lru, &l_inactive);
+ }
+ } else
list_add(&page->lru, &l_inactive);
}
/*
+ * Count the referenced pages as rotated, even when they are moved
+ * to the inactive list. This helps balance scan pressure between
+ * file and anonymous pages in get_scan_ratio.
+ */
+ zone->recent_rotated[!!file] += pgmoved;
+
+ /*
* Now put the pages back on the appropriate [file or anon] inactive
* and active lists.
*/
@@ -1161,7 +1176,6 @@ static void shrink_active_list(unsigned
}
}
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_LRU_BASE + lru, pgmoved);
- zone->recent_rotated[!!file] += pgmoved;
__count_zone_vm_events(PGREFILL, zone, pgscanned);
__count_vm_events(PGDEACTIVATE, pgdeactivate);
@@ -1177,7 +1191,13 @@ static unsigned long shrink_list(enum lr
{
int file = is_file_lru(lru);
- if (lru == LRU_ACTIVE_ANON || lru == LRU_ACTIVE_FILE) {
+ if (lru == LRU_ACTIVE_FILE) {
+ shrink_active_list(nr_to_scan, zone, sc, priority, file);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (lru == LRU_ACTIVE_ANON &&
+ (!scan_global_lru(sc) || inactive_anon_is_low(zone))) {
shrink_active_list(nr_to_scan, zone, sc, priority, file);
return 0;
}
@@ -1311,8 +1331,8 @@ static unsigned long shrink_zone(int pri
}
}
- while (nr[LRU_ACTIVE_ANON] || nr[LRU_INACTIVE_ANON] ||
- nr[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE] || nr[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE]) {
+ while (nr[LRU_INACTIVE_ANON] || nr[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE] ||
+ nr[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE]) {
for_each_lru(l) {
if (nr[l]) {
nr_to_scan = min(nr[l],
@@ -1325,6 +1345,13 @@ static unsigned long shrink_zone(int pri
}
}
+ /*
+ * Even if we did not try to evict anon pages at all, we want to
+ * rebalance the anon lru active/inactive ratio.
+ */
+ if (scan_global_lru(sc) && inactive_anon_is_low(zone))
+ shrink_active_list(SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, zone, sc, priority, 0);
+
throttle_vm_writeout(sc->gfp_mask);
return nr_reclaimed;
}
@@ -1618,6 +1645,14 @@ loop_again:
priority != DEF_PRIORITY)
continue;
+ /*
+ * Do some background aging of the anon list, to give
+ * pages a chance to be referenced before reclaiming.
+ */
+ if (inactive_anon_is_low(zone))
+ shrink_active_list(SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, zone,
+ &sc, priority, 0);
+
if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, zone->pages_high,
0, 0)) {
end_zone = i;
diff -puN mm/vmstat.c~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages mm/vmstat.c
--- a/mm/vmstat.c~vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages
+++ a/mm/vmstat.c
@@ -721,10 +721,12 @@ static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct s
seq_printf(m,
"\n all_unreclaimable: %u"
"\n prev_priority: %i"
- "\n start_pfn: %lu",
+ "\n start_pfn: %lu"
+ "\n inactive_ratio: %u",
zone_is_all_unreclaimable(zone),
zone->prev_priority,
- zone->zone_start_pfn);
+ zone->zone_start_pfn,
+ zone->inactive_ratio);
seq_putc(m, '\n');
}
_
Patches currently in -mm which might be from riel@xxxxxxxxxx are
ntp-let-update_persistent_clock-sleep.patch
access_process_vm-device-memory-infrastructure.patch
access_process_vm-device-memory-infrastructure-fix.patch
use-generic_access_phys-for-dev-mem-mappings.patch
use-generic_access_phys-for-dev-mem-mappings-fix.patch
use-generic_access_phys-for-pci-mmap-on-x86.patch
powerpc-ioremap_prot.patch
spufs-use-the-new-vm_ops-access.patch
spufs-use-the-new-vm_ops-access-fix.patch
page-flags-record-page-flag-overlays-explicitly.patch
page-flags-record-page-flag-overlays-explicitly-xen.patch
slub-record-page-flag-overlays-explicitly.patch
slob-record-page-flag-overlays-explicitly.patch
vmscan-give-referenced-active-and-unmapped-pages-a-second-trip-around-the-lru.patch
idr-change-the-idr-structure.patch
idr-rename-some-of-the-idr-apis-internal-routines.patch
idr-fix-a-printk-call.patch
idr-error-checking-factorization.patch
idr-make-idr_get_new-rcu-safe.patch
idr-make-idr_get_new-rcu-safe-fix.patch
idr-make-idr_find-rcu-safe.patch
idr-make-idr_remove-rcu-safe.patch
ipc-call-idr_find-without-locking-in-ipc_lock.patch
ipc-get-rid-of-ipc_lock_down.patch
vmscan-move-isolate_lru_page-to-vmscanc.patch
vmscan-use-an-indexed-array-for-lru-variables.patch
swap-use-an-array-for-the-lru-pagevecs.patch
vmscan-free-swap-space-on-swap-in-activation.patch
define-page_file_cache-function.patch
vmscan-split-lru-lists-into-anon-file-sets.patch
vmscan-second-chance-replacement-for-anonymous-pages.patch
vmscan-fix-pagecache-reclaim-referenced-bit-check.patch
vmscan-add-newly-swapped-in-pages-to-the-inactive-list.patch
more-aggressively-use-lumpy-reclaim.patch
pageflag-helpers-for-configed-out-flags.patch
unevictable-lru-infrastructure.patch
unevictable-lru-page-statistics.patch
ramfs-and-ram-disk-pages-are-unevictable.patch
shm_locked-pages-are-unevictable.patch
mlock-mlocked-pages-are-unevictable.patch
mlock-downgrade-mmap-sem-while-populating-mlocked-regions.patch
mmap-handle-mlocked-pages-during-map-remap-unmap.patch
vmstat-mlocked-pages-statistics.patch
swap-cull-unevictable-pages-in-fault-path.patch
vmstat-unevictable-and-mlocked-pages-vm-events.patch
vmscan-unevictable-lru-scan-sysctl.patch
mlock-count-attempts-to-free-mlocked-page.patch
doc-unevictable-lru-and-mlocked-pages-documentation.patch
make-mm-rmapc-anon_vma_cachep-static.patch
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