The patch titled
Subject: mm: page_alloc: fix freelist movement during block conversion
has been added to the -mm mm-unstable branch. Its filename is
mm-page_alloc-fix-freelist-movement-during-block-conversion.patch
This patch will shortly appear at
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/25-new.git/tree/patches/mm-page_alloc-fix-freelist-movement-during-block-conversion.patch
This patch will later appear in the mm-unstable branch at
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Before you just go and hit "reply", please:
a) Consider who else should be cc'ed
b) Prefer to cc a suitable mailing list as well
c) Ideally: find the original patch on the mailing list and do a
reply-to-all to that, adding suitable additional cc's
*** Remember to use Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst when testing your code ***
The -mm tree is included into linux-next via the mm-everything
branch at git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
and is updated there every 2-3 working days
------------------------------------------------------
From: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: mm: page_alloc: fix freelist movement during block conversion
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 14:02:11 -0400
Currently, page block type conversion during fallbacks, atomic
reservations and isolation can strand various amounts of free pages on
incorrect freelists.
For example, fallback stealing moves free pages in the block to the new
type's freelists, but then may not actually claim the block for that type
if there aren't enough compatible pages already allocated.
In all cases, free page moving might fail if the block straddles more than
one zone, in which case no free pages are moved at all, but the block type
is changed anyway.
This is detrimental to type hygiene on the freelists. It encourages
incompatible page mixing down the line (ask for one type, get another) and
thus contributes to long-term fragmentation.
Split the process into a proper transaction: check first if conversion
will happen, then try to move the free pages, and only if that was
successful convert the block to the new type.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240320180429.678181-7-hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Tested-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/page-isolation.h | 3
mm/page_alloc.c | 175 ++++++++++++++++++-------------
mm/page_isolation.c | 22 ++-
3 files changed, 121 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
--- a/include/linux/page-isolation.h~mm-page_alloc-fix-freelist-movement-during-block-conversion
+++ a/include/linux/page-isolation.h
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ static inline bool is_migrate_isolate(in
#define REPORT_FAILURE 0x2
void set_pageblock_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype);
-int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
- int migratetype, int *num_movable);
+int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page, int migratetype);
int start_isolate_page_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
int migratetype, int flags, gfp_t gfp_flags);
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c~mm-page_alloc-fix-freelist-movement-during-block-conversion
+++ a/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1601,9 +1601,8 @@ static inline struct page *__rmqueue_cma
* Note that start_page and end_pages are not aligned on a pageblock
* boundary. If alignment is required, use move_freepages_block()
*/
-static int move_freepages(struct zone *zone,
- unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
- int migratetype, int *num_movable)
+static int move_freepages(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
+ unsigned long end_pfn, int migratetype)
{
struct page *page;
unsigned long pfn;
@@ -1613,14 +1612,6 @@ static int move_freepages(struct zone *z
for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn <= end_pfn;) {
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (!PageBuddy(page)) {
- /*
- * We assume that pages that could be isolated for
- * migration are movable. But we don't actually try
- * isolating, as that would be expensive.
- */
- if (num_movable &&
- (PageLRU(page) || __PageMovable(page)))
- (*num_movable)++;
pfn++;
continue;
}
@@ -1638,17 +1629,16 @@ static int move_freepages(struct zone *z
return pages_moved;
}
-int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
- int migratetype, int *num_movable)
+static bool prep_move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
+ unsigned long *start_pfn,
+ unsigned long *end_pfn,
+ int *num_free, int *num_movable)
{
- unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn, pfn;
-
- if (num_movable)
- *num_movable = 0;
+ unsigned long pfn, start, end;
pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
- start_pfn = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
- end_pfn = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn) - 1;
+ start = pageblock_start_pfn(pfn);
+ end = pageblock_end_pfn(pfn) - 1;
/*
* The caller only has the lock for @zone, don't touch ranges
@@ -1657,13 +1647,50 @@ int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zo
* accompanied by other operations such as migratetype updates
* which also should be locked.
*/
- if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, start_pfn))
- return 0;
- if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, end_pfn))
- return 0;
+ if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, start))
+ return false;
+ if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, end))
+ return false;
+
+ *start_pfn = start;
+ *end_pfn = end;
+
+ if (num_free) {
+ *num_free = 0;
+ *num_movable = 0;
+ for (pfn = start; pfn <= end;) {
+ page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
+ if (PageBuddy(page)) {
+ int nr = 1 << buddy_order(page);
+
+ *num_free += nr;
+ pfn += nr;
+ continue;
+ }
+ /*
+ * We assume that pages that could be isolated for
+ * migration are movable. But we don't actually try
+ * isolating, as that would be expensive.
+ */
+ if (PageLRU(page) || __PageMovable(page))
+ (*num_movable)++;
+ pfn++;
+ }
+ }
- return move_freepages(zone, start_pfn, end_pfn, migratetype,
- num_movable);
+ return true;
+}
+
+int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
+ int migratetype)
+{
+ unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
+
+ if (!prep_move_freepages_block(zone, page, &start_pfn, &end_pfn,
+ NULL, NULL))
+ return -1;
+
+ return move_freepages(zone, start_pfn, end_pfn, migratetype);
}
static void change_pageblock_range(struct page *pageblock_page,
@@ -1748,33 +1775,37 @@ static inline bool boost_watermark(struc
}
/*
- * This function implements actual steal behaviour. If order is large enough,
- * we can steal whole pageblock. If not, we first move freepages in this
- * pageblock to our migratetype and determine how many already-allocated pages
- * are there in the pageblock with a compatible migratetype. If at least half
- * of pages are free or compatible, we can change migratetype of the pageblock
- * itself, so pages freed in the future will be put on the correct free list.
+ * This function implements actual steal behaviour. If order is large enough, we
+ * can claim the whole pageblock for the requested migratetype. If not, we check
+ * the pageblock for constituent pages; if at least half of the pages are free
+ * or compatible, we can still claim the whole block, so pages freed in the
+ * future will be put on the correct free list. Otherwise, we isolate exactly
+ * the order we need from the fallback block and leave its migratetype alone.
*/
-static void steal_suitable_fallback(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
- unsigned int alloc_flags, int start_type, bool whole_block)
+static struct page *
+steal_suitable_fallback(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
+ int current_order, int order, int start_type,
+ unsigned int alloc_flags, bool whole_block)
{
- unsigned int current_order = buddy_order(page);
int free_pages, movable_pages, alike_pages;
- int old_block_type;
+ unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
+ int block_type;
- old_block_type = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
+ block_type = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
/*
* This can happen due to races and we want to prevent broken
* highatomic accounting.
*/
- if (is_migrate_highatomic(old_block_type))
+ if (is_migrate_highatomic(block_type))
goto single_page;
/* Take ownership for orders >= pageblock_order */
if (current_order >= pageblock_order) {
+ del_page_from_free_list(page, zone, current_order);
change_pageblock_range(page, current_order, start_type);
- goto single_page;
+ expand(zone, page, order, current_order, start_type);
+ return page;
}
/*
@@ -1789,10 +1820,9 @@ static void steal_suitable_fallback(stru
if (!whole_block)
goto single_page;
- free_pages = move_freepages_block(zone, page, start_type,
- &movable_pages);
/* moving whole block can fail due to zone boundary conditions */
- if (!free_pages)
+ if (!prep_move_freepages_block(zone, page, &start_pfn, &end_pfn,
+ &free_pages, &movable_pages))
goto single_page;
/*
@@ -1810,7 +1840,7 @@ static void steal_suitable_fallback(stru
* vice versa, be conservative since we can't distinguish the
* exact migratetype of non-movable pages.
*/
- if (old_block_type == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
+ if (block_type == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
alike_pages = pageblock_nr_pages
- (free_pages + movable_pages);
else
@@ -1821,13 +1851,16 @@ static void steal_suitable_fallback(stru
* compatible migratability as our allocation, claim the whole block.
*/
if (free_pages + alike_pages >= (1 << (pageblock_order-1)) ||
- page_group_by_mobility_disabled)
+ page_group_by_mobility_disabled) {
+ move_freepages(zone, start_pfn, end_pfn, start_type);
set_pageblock_migratetype(page, start_type);
-
- return;
+ return __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, start_type);
+ }
single_page:
- move_to_free_list(page, zone, current_order, start_type);
+ del_page_from_free_list(page, zone, current_order);
+ expand(zone, page, order, current_order, block_type);
+ return page;
}
/*
@@ -1895,9 +1928,10 @@ static void reserve_highatomic_pageblock
mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
/* Only reserve normal pageblocks (i.e., they can merge with others) */
if (migratetype_is_mergeable(mt)) {
- zone->nr_reserved_highatomic += pageblock_nr_pages;
- set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
- move_freepages_block(zone, page, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC, NULL);
+ if (move_freepages_block(zone, page, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC) != -1) {
+ set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
+ zone->nr_reserved_highatomic += pageblock_nr_pages;
+ }
}
out_unlock:
@@ -1922,7 +1956,7 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblo
struct zone *zone;
struct page *page;
int order;
- bool ret;
+ int ret;
for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist, ac->highest_zoneidx,
ac->nodemask) {
@@ -1971,10 +2005,14 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblo
* of pageblocks that cannot be completely freed
* may increase.
*/
+ ret = move_freepages_block(zone, page, ac->migratetype);
+ /*
+ * Reserving this block already succeeded, so this should
+ * not fail on zone boundaries.
+ */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(ret == -1);
set_pageblock_migratetype(page, ac->migratetype);
- ret = move_freepages_block(zone, page, ac->migratetype,
- NULL);
- if (ret) {
+ if (ret > 0) {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
return ret;
}
@@ -1995,7 +2033,7 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblo
* deviation from the rest of this file, to make the for loop
* condition simpler.
*/
-static __always_inline bool
+static __always_inline struct page *
__rmqueue_fallback(struct zone *zone, int order, int start_migratetype,
unsigned int alloc_flags)
{
@@ -2042,7 +2080,7 @@ __rmqueue_fallback(struct zone *zone, in
goto do_steal;
}
- return false;
+ return NULL;
find_smallest:
for (current_order = order; current_order < NR_PAGE_ORDERS; current_order++) {
@@ -2062,14 +2100,14 @@ find_smallest:
do_steal:
page = get_page_from_free_area(area, fallback_mt);
- steal_suitable_fallback(zone, page, alloc_flags, start_migratetype,
- can_steal);
+ /* take off list, maybe claim block, expand remainder */
+ page = steal_suitable_fallback(zone, page, current_order, order,
+ start_migratetype, alloc_flags, can_steal);
trace_mm_page_alloc_extfrag(page, order, current_order,
start_migratetype, fallback_mt);
- return true;
-
+ return page;
}
/*
@@ -2096,15 +2134,14 @@ __rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned in
return page;
}
}
-retry:
+
page = __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, migratetype);
if (unlikely(!page)) {
if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_CMA)
page = __rmqueue_cma_fallback(zone, order);
-
- if (!page && __rmqueue_fallback(zone, order, migratetype,
- alloc_flags))
- goto retry;
+ else
+ page = __rmqueue_fallback(zone, order, migratetype,
+ alloc_flags);
}
return page;
}
@@ -2659,12 +2696,10 @@ int __isolate_free_page(struct page *pag
* Only change normal pageblocks (i.e., they can merge
* with others)
*/
- if (migratetype_is_mergeable(mt)) {
- set_pageblock_migratetype(page,
- MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
- move_freepages_block(zone, page,
- MIGRATE_MOVABLE, NULL);
- }
+ if (migratetype_is_mergeable(mt) &&
+ move_freepages_block(zone, page,
+ MIGRATE_MOVABLE) != -1)
+ set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
}
}
--- a/mm/page_isolation.c~mm-page_alloc-fix-freelist-movement-during-block-conversion
+++ a/mm/page_isolation.c
@@ -178,15 +178,18 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struc
unmovable = has_unmovable_pages(check_unmovable_start, check_unmovable_end,
migratetype, isol_flags);
if (!unmovable) {
- unsigned long nr_pages;
+ int nr_pages;
int mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
+ nr_pages = move_freepages_block(zone, page, MIGRATE_ISOLATE);
+ /* Block spans zone boundaries? */
+ if (nr_pages == -1) {
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+ return -EBUSY;
+ }
+ __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, -nr_pages, mt);
set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_ISOLATE);
zone->nr_isolate_pageblock++;
- nr_pages = move_freepages_block(zone, page, MIGRATE_ISOLATE,
- NULL);
-
- __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, -nr_pages, mt);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
return 0;
}
@@ -206,7 +209,7 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struc
static void unset_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page, int migratetype)
{
struct zone *zone;
- unsigned long flags, nr_pages;
+ unsigned long flags;
bool isolated_page = false;
unsigned int order;
struct page *buddy;
@@ -252,7 +255,12 @@ static void unset_migratetype_isolate(st
* allocation.
*/
if (!isolated_page) {
- nr_pages = move_freepages_block(zone, page, migratetype, NULL);
+ int nr_pages = move_freepages_block(zone, page, migratetype);
+ /*
+ * Isolating this block already succeeded, so this
+ * should not fail on zone boundaries.
+ */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(nr_pages == -1);
__mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, nr_pages, migratetype);
}
set_pageblock_migratetype(page, migratetype);
_
Patches currently in -mm which might be from hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx are
mm-cachestat-fix-two-shmem-bugs.patch
mm-zswap-fix-writeback-shinker-gfp_noio-gfp_nofs-recursion.patch
mm-zswap-optimize-zswap-pool-size-tracking.patch
mm-zpool-return-pool-size-in-pages.patch
mm-page_alloc-remove-pcppage-migratetype-caching.patch
mm-page_alloc-optimize-free_unref_folios.patch
mm-page_alloc-fix-up-block-types-when-merging-compatible-blocks.patch
mm-page_alloc-move-free-pages-when-converting-block-during-isolation.patch
mm-page_alloc-fix-move_freepages_block-range-error.patch
mm-page_alloc-fix-freelist-movement-during-block-conversion.patch
mm-page_alloc-close-migratetype-race-between-freeing-and-stealing.patch
mm-page_isolation-prepare-for-hygienic-freelists.patch
mm-page_isolation-prepare-for-hygienic-freelists-fix.patch
mm-page_alloc-consolidate-free-page-accounting.patch
